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Karimi, Fatemeh; Chalak, Azizeh; Biria, Reza – International Journal of Instruction, 2019
This study examined the effects of two types of pre-listening activities: bottom-up and top-down on Iranian elementary EFL learners' listening comprehension performance. By TOFEL (PBT) test, 90 learners were selected as elementary ones for this study. They were randomly assigned to two experimental and one control groups each consisting of 30…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Listening Comprehension
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Alikhani, Mohsen; Bagheridoust, Esmaeil – English Language Teaching, 2017
The study investigated how group-dynamics instruction techniques of adaptable nature can be to the benefit of EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners so as to develop and improve their willingness-to-communicate and speaking-ability in the long run. After analyzing the data via ANCOVA and EFA, the researcher selected 108 young Iranian male…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Group Dynamics, Student Attitudes
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Amirian, Mohammad Reza; Davoudi, Mohammad; Ramazanian, Mohsen – Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 2014
Dynamic Assessment (DA), is grounded in Vygotsky's idea on Sociocultural Theory (SCT) of mind, his concept of Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and its related metaphor; scaffolding. This study examined the effects of dynamic assessment on improving reading comprehension of Iranian intermediate students who were learning English as a foreign…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, English (Second Language), Second Language Instruction, Reading Comprehension