The present research aimed to explore the dynamic growth of two emotional constructs: foreign language enjoyment (FLE) and foreign language learning boredom (FLLB) among L2 learners. To do so, we used a method that would capture the inherent dynamicity of L2 learners' enjoyment and boredom during an EFL course. To this aim, a bivariate latent…

As a formative assessment procedure, self-assessment aims to converge learners' and teachers' views in assessment. Hence, reducing the perceptual mismatches between the learners' and the teachers' assessments would positively affect the learning process. For this aim, the present study investigated to what extent the learners' assessment of their…

Research has shown that massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) have the potential to offer language learning opportunities. However, there is a dearth of research exploring student attitudes about the potential of these games for language learning. We used the language learning principles framework proposed by Brown and Lee…

The present investigation examines the impact of Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) on the enhancement of EFL learners' idiom learning through "WhatsApp" during the COVID-19 pandemic. Three complete classes with 60 intermediate female learners (20 per class) were selected and randomly assigned into two experimental and one control…

Investigating the learner variables involved in second language (L2) listening comprehension can lead to a better understanding of the difficulties that learners may encounter while listening to an L2. In this line, this study aimed to examine the roles of some important learner variables (i.e., general language proficiency, aural vocabulary…

This study applies audio-assisted reading (AAR), a technique that provides multimedia input, to encourage incidental learning of the present perfect tense. The decision to choose this tense was informed by previous studies, which have shown that its multifunctional nature presents EFL learners with considerable challenges. Thirty-four Iranian EFL…

The game-based learning, which uses computer games to improve performance and learning, is a new field which can be used as a powerful educational tool. To increase the effectiveness of educational games, new games fit the learning styles of each individual can be made to have a customized learning environment. Currently, playing computer games…

In this project, 54 Iranian pre-intermediate EFL learners (16 to 21 years) participated in 15 sessions in which they were asked to read and study books from a structured series of L2 reading materials. Half the students studied with relatively easy materials ('i - 1'), that is, materials rated as being below their competency level. The others…

The current study aimed to investigate the impact of online vs. blended learning on developing vocabulary learning among Iranian intermediate EFL learners. To fulfill this, 90 Iranian intermediate EFL learners (17 to 19 years) participated and were divided into three equal groups. The control group received vocabulary instruction through the…

The present study attempted to explore the effects of employing shadowing and tracking on Iranian EFL learners' speaking fluency. From among 112 intermediate Iranian EFL learners at Jahad Danesheshgahi Language Institute in Isfahan, Iran, 60 were selected in the wake of administering the Preliminary English Test and divided into four groups:…

This study examined the effects of two types of pre-listening activities: bottom-up and top-down on Iranian elementary EFL learners' listening comprehension performance. By TOFEL (PBT) test, 90 learners were selected as elementary ones for this study. They were randomly assigned to two experimental and one control groups each consisting of 30…

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) on Iranian EFL learners' vocabulary learning. Furthermore, this study was an attempt to explore if there is any difference between the impact of CALL instruction on Iranian male and female EFL learners' vocabulary learning. Therefore, 50 homogeneous…

Electronic portfolios, as digitalized collections of artifacts including resources, demonstrations, and accomplishments that represent an individual, group, or institution activity, can be used to formatively measure learners' progress and learning with regard to their own production and documentation of educational content. E-portfolios are…

Background: According to self-determination theory [Richard M. Ryan and Edward L. Deci. 2017. "Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development and wellness." New York, NY: Guilford], teachers' interpersonal behaviors would relate to students' behavioral outcomes in physical education. Although a body of…

Since Bernstein's (1958) preliminary assertions on sociology of education, many linguistic and paralinguistic features have undergone research in light of social class. The present article is aimed at finding the predictability of first language and second language politeness strategy use through social class. To this end, a group of Iranian…