Reviews Bale's view on relations between instrumental and expressive structures and ensuing work on legitimacy of instrumental structure. Conceptualizes this legitimacy in terms of integration of distribution of members' skills and instrumental structure. Discusses Bale's conception of primary and secondary differentiation and inequality…

Used the Interpersonal Check List measures of dominance-submission and love-hate, and related trainers' performance on these measures to trainers' effectiveness and participants' gains. (Author/BP)

Examined factors affecting congitive learning during a combined experiential-didactic group therapy training program. The overall goal for trainees was the acquisition of a cognitive model of group functioning, which can be translated into consistent leadership techniques. (Author/PD)

Examines what we know and don't know about group leadership and concludes that current metaphors which guide inquiry into leadership are incapable of dealing with the complexity inherent in the phenomenon. Describes and adapts an alternative metaphor, leader as medium, to group communication as relationships. (BH)

Examined the effects of three group leadership styles (structured T-group, rotating leadership, Rogerian) on the personal and interpersonal functioning of 67 counselor trainees. Results from the pretest, posttest, and 6-8 week follow-up suggest that differences among the groups could be attributed in part to group leadership styles. (Author/BL)

Females emerged as leaders in three mixed-sex leaderless groups of college students (N=21) in a communication course. Two rhetorical themes were revealed: female leaders in all three groups earned their leadership positions by the rhetoric of hard workers and leading by default; they solidified their positions by emphasizing a rhetoric of modest…

Discusses coleadership of citizens' groups, groups for teaching and training, and work groups in general, addressing advantages and disadvantages. Presents D-R model of coleadership, designed to facilitate positive interactions between coleaders, thereby enhancing group work skills. The model focuses on five sequential yet overlapping processes:…

Results from laboratory study and field survey revealed that Snyder's Self-Monitoring Test was significantly correlated with task-oriented leadership behavior only for female group leaders. Found no significant correlations between self-monitoring and social-emotional behavior of either male or female group leaders. Discusses implications for…

Explores the effectiveness of leader interventions in breaking down resistance in a therapy group for battered women (N=6). Session records were analyzed. Results indicated that therapists' statements had a direct influence on client responses. Concluded that a moderate level of interpretation is most effective for maintaining minimum resistance…

To replicate the Kuehl et al. (1975) study, 151 graduate students completed the Leadership Opinion Questionnaire, Least Preferred Co-Worker (LPC) Questionnaire, FIRO-B (Functional Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior), and F-Scale. Data failed to replicate earlier significant correlations between interpersonal needs as measured by the LPC…

Though proven to be an indispensable vehicle for the fulfillment of both individual and societal needs, small group process has not been free of theoretical disputes. This paper reviews a number of yet unresolved concomitants of group process, attempts a synthesis, and proffers some "fresh" ideas. (Author)

Examined the degree of differentiation between instrumental and expressive leadership roles in two natural groups (N=101). Results showed a relatively high degree of leadership role integration with several members of each group fulfilling both instrumental and expressive leadership roles. (LLL)

Reviews the research dealing with women in leadership roles within groups of both sexes. Some research indicates a reluctance of women to assume leadership roles. Other findings indicate women are more likely to be strong leaders when the task solution is given. (LPG)

Results of this study reflect changes in the T-group model suggested by authors in the literature. Trainers currently leading groups tend to differ in theoretical orientations. They appear to be running T-groups which frequently have a personal growth and individual orientation, although some still have a primarily group dynamics orientation.…

The present paper attempts to provide an overview of the literature on group techniques. (Author)