The terms gamification and game-based learning (GBL) are sometimes used interchangeably, but they are not the same. GBL combines video games with educational concepts that allow students to apply their knowledge in an augmented reality (Cheng, Kuo, Lou & Shih, 2012), while gamification is defined as a process: "using game thinking and…

Student engagement is a longstanding concern among educators. The issue became even more urgent in March of 2020, when U.S. schools shut down to slow the spread of the novel coronavirus, forcing millions of American students and teachers to engage in remote learning for the very first time. Although some students thrived in the new environment,…