One of the iconic symbols of the collegiate experience is the graying professor pontificating behind a lectern to a massive audience of dreary-eyed students. In fact, 45 percent of faculty at four-year institutions still report "extensive lecturing" as the teaching method used in most of their courses (Hurtado et al., 2012). And yet,…

Research indicates that student achievement improves when teachers provide opportunities for active engagement. Guided notes have been suggested as a way to increase active student responding during teacher-directed lectures. The purpose of this review was to summarize research on the effectiveness of guided notes. Specifically, we sought to…