A report on learning psychology and its relationship to the study of school learning emphasizes the increasing interaction between theorists and educational practitioners, particularly in attempting to learn which variables influence the instructional process and to find an appropriate methodology to measure and evaluate learning. "Learning…

In this paper the author attempts to show how certain developments in psychology have influenced present educational methods, and to show further how recent work in learning theory, developmental psychology, and psychometrics strongly suggests new directions for educational research and practice. This theme is discussed in the context of a central…

The Learning Research and Development Center, an institute composed of faculty from the University of Pittsburgh, has as its general purpose the scientific study of the problems of learning and instruction. Particular attention is given to the nature of the educational and psychological environment required to maximize the potential of the…

Two procedures were investigated in an attempt to decrease the variability of overlearning response latencies in a study-test paradigm, paired-associate task matching CVC's with response keys: (1) self-pacing the task by presenting test trial stimuli whenever the subject pressed a "home" key; and (2) instructing and shaping subjects to keep home…

(1) What is learned in a particular subject matter? (2) Who learns it? (3) How does competence develop? (4) And how is learning assessed and optimized? These are the questions asked and answered in this essay. (1) The relationships between units of learning establish the subject matter structures that are learned; e.g., concepts, rules,…

States that renewed research on the processes of learning and teaching is necessary if all children are expected to meet high standards of educational performance. Discusses cognitive science, a federation of psychology, linguistics, and computer science which offers a reconceptualization of the nature of the learning process and new approaches to…

Measurement in learning and instruction is discussed here in the light of instructional design requirements and specific models or systems of instruction. Three general classes of instructional models found in current educational practice are presented. One particular model of instruction--for adapting instruction to individual differences--is…

This article introduces a special issue of "American Psychologist" on psychology and education. The perspective of the contributors is that educational progress benefits from systematic, thoughtful approaches to understanding how learning and teaching occur within various educational settings. The articles and their authors are introduced. (VM)

This study examined the use of student notebooks in three fifth-grade science classrooms during a unit on electric circuits to determine the extent to which notebooks might serve as a tool for monitoring teaching and learning. Analyses of classroom contexts indicated that teachers promoted notebook writing through explicit instructions and…

Issues in the measurement of subject matter proficiency, as defined by recognized subject matter scholars, are explored as they relate to the increasing use of teaching machines, programmed learning, and broadly conceived instructional systems. Criterion-referenced measurement is discussed. (SLD)

Evaluative comments from one participant in the June 1976 Pittsburgh conference on the theory and practice of beginning reading are presented in this paper. Discussion centers on curriculum analyses, testing practices, teaching practices, units of analysis that are required for reading research, learning characteristics, stages of reading…