Twenty four educable retarded males (eight gainers, eight non-gainers, and eight high scorers) were given an 18-item picture paired-associates task. Results showed that gainers learned more slowly than high scorers but the two groups together did not differ from nongainers. The following two interpretations were offered. With a minimal memory…

Compared were the performances of 45 normal and 45 slow learners (all in junior high school) on a task of original and relearning of paired associate responses as a result of induced success or failure following each response. Ss were asked to pair stick figures with consonant trigrams and then told their performance was either correct or wrong…

This research contrasts the learning effects of an affective dimension of meaningfulness with the word-quality of consonant-vowel-consonant trigrams. Subject rated trigrams for both "association value"--having word-quality versus lacking word-quality--and "reinforcement value"--liking versus disliking the trigram regardless of word quality. Paired…