Eight experiments studied the following aspects of associative strategies in learning: classification; verbalization at three developmental levels; verbalization by normal and educable children; facilitation of associative learning among educable retardates; effectiveness of familiarization and differentiation training on the successful employment…

The impact of informal learning on young children in the course of their play activities is discussed. A major objective is to emphasize that informal learning can help lay the base for multiculturalism in elementary education. It enables children from different cultural backgrounds to relate to and understand each other through play activities…

The many dimensions of individual differences that make each learner a challenge to the foreign language teacher are discussed. The teacher must interpret the information and provide differentiated environments to "match" these differences. Emphasis is placed upon learning styles and learning strategies. An historical perspective of adapting…

The paper considers the results of theory and research in the psychological aspects of foreign language teaching as sources of guidance in making sound eucational decisions concerning the aims of language teaching at all levels. Major attention is given to the suggestion offered by research findings that language aptitude depends upon a somewhat…

An analysis and model of the cognitive processes underlying complex learning situations are presented. A theory is proposed that attempts to specify particular internal knowledge structures generated and modified during instruction, and to use them to explain specific difficulties that the learner experiences and also the overall progress being…

Memory of incidentally learned material was investigated across three developmental levels in immediate and 24-hour delay conditions. First grade, sixth grade, and college students were assigned randomly within developmental level to one of four experimental conditions: Type I immediate, Type I delay, Type II immediate, or Type II delay. In the…

To obtain an a priori estimate of natural language mediators (NLM's) 320 pairs of words with the consonant-vowel-consonant-pattern (CVC's) were broken into four series of 90 pairs and presented to 240 male and female undergraduates. Pairs were shown for 15 seconds while the subjects wrote down any associative device or NLM they could generate that…

Children learn a second language quickly and easily simply by being exposed to it. Adults generally learn more slowly and less well. It is hypothesized that the brain in youth is extremely plastic, but hardens with adolescence and adulthood and becomes less receptive. Children learn in an active way, during play, and the language is reinforced by…

A booklet of a programmed-instruction type was developed to obtain the measures needed to test Carroll's model of school learning, including ability, aptitude, quality of instruction, opportunity for learning, perserverance, and time criterion. Simple rules in an artificial foreign language were taught by means of the booklet to sixth-grade…

The common denominator of learning is conceived as a guideline in organizing the learning material in support of learning continuity. As to its effect, the common denominator is thought of as a habit-forming element in realizing learning as a (continuous) sequence of relative rather than absolute experiences. (Author/HB)

Methods of pretesting viewer involvement with ITV program contents are briefly reviewed in terms of their precision, immediacy, unobtrusiveness, and relationship to learning. (Author)

A model for using behavioral objectives is suggested. (HB)

This study's main purpose was to determine the effects a mastery teaching strategy would have on pupil achievement. A total of 21 teachers participated; results are reported for the subgroup of third and fourth grade teachers (n=5). Achievement of pupils favored the mastery group for each of the teachers. (DT)

The effects of number of objective-relevant sentences on learning from texts ranging in length from about 800 to 3,000 words were investigated in two related experiments. (Author)