The authors employed the Raven Test of Logical Operations (RTLO) to assess development of cognitive structure for subjects of ages 8 to 19. Their conclusions support in part the development sequence described by Piaget. Lack of hierarchical order in some cognitive operations may indicate limitation of the instrument. (Author/EB)

When the context of instructional discourse maximizes the likelihood of interaction with preexisting knowledge structures, productive learning outcomes may be increased. In the present study, 44 undergraduate students who read a hierarchically structured text were asked to recall its contents immediately and again six weeks later. The generation…

This project researched three questions related to the production of cognitive skills in formal elementary and secondary education. The first question dealt with the pattern of student learning over time. It was found that, generally, the elasticity of grade eight knowledge with respect to grade eight school inputs is higher than the elasticity of…

This study used a self-instructional geography unit in 20 seventh-grade classes to assess the effects of a mastery learning procedure and aptitude upon learning, retention and time spent on studying the unit. It was found that differences between aptitude levels were increased rather than diminished when self-instructional materials were used.…

Investigated were the effects of type of strategy training, intersession interval, and a posttraining reminder cue on paired associates learning for 57 educable mentally retarded elementary school children. Ss were assigned to one of four training conditions (sentence mediation, visual imagery mediation, combined sentence and imagery training, or…

Training in word recognition based on a child's dominant sensory modality (visual, auditory, or kinesthetic) was compared with training based on nondominant modality. Twenty-five first-grade children with no prior instruction in reading were given visual, auditory, and kinesthetic modalities tests and a pretest of recognition of the words used in…

Significant learning occurred when four experimental films dealing with the weather were shown four groups in each of three different populations (high school students, Air Force basic trainees, and college students). However, increased concentration of facts in the films yielded only slight advantages in learning. The films differed in length as…

Remediation of learning disabilities is discussed and a table of teaching materials related to psychological and motor functions is provided. Guides on 11 behavioral manifestations and three specific learning disabilities furnish definitions and description as well as techniques for training and management. Behavioral manifestations considered…

Three experiments were conducted to investigate the learning of the concept "more than" by preschool children. In the first experiment, 48 nursery school children, ages 4 1/2 to 5 1/2 years, were divided into three groups. All were required to say which of two pictures contained the greater number of objects. In group one, circles were used as the…

A review is made of that literature which focuses on the relationship of instructional method, internal cognitive activity and performance measures. This includes literature concerned with the issue of "discovery versus reception learning" and the effects of different instructional methods on retention, delayed retention and transfer tasks. The…

This study investigated attribute by treatment interactions between prior familiarity and response mode to programmed materials for college level subjects by manipulating subjects' familiarity. The programs were a revised version of Diagnosis of Myocardial Infraction in standard format and in a reading version. Materials to familiarize subjects…

Literature on forgetting in prose learning was reviewed to establish the relative importance of five variables: (1) the definition of prose and the organizational structure of the material implied in the definition; (2) the time factor; (3) the mode of criteria measurement; (4) the similarity factor; and (5) strength of learning. Each of these was…

A correspondence is suggested between the two different abilities underlying performance on intellectual or learning tasks discussed by Jensen and the two response processes postulated by various mediational models of discrimination learning. To test this, two groups of nursery school children differentiated by the measurable social class of their…

This study investigates the effects of content sequence on student learning. The treatments, a spatial and conceptual instructional sequence each consisting of identical content elements, were administered to students in a two-year college Botany course. Hypotheses tested were that sequence would have an effect on student perceptions of the…

A study was conducted to determine if informal learners of ESL had the same acquisition order of morphemes as formal learners have and to find out what would happen to the established order if only certain of the grammatical morphemes were explained and drilled. Instruction did not change acquisition order. (Author/KM)