The interaction between aptitudes and concrete vs. symbolic teaching methods was investigated. One class of randomly selected third graders was taught multiplication and division by a symbolic method while a second class was given a manipulative approach. Each student took the Stanford Achievement Test battery, the Otis-Lennon Mental Ability Test,…

Two experiments investigated the acquisition of course material under conditions of repeated testing. In Experiment I, with limited study intervals, acquisition increased over trials of study followed by testing. In addition, adjunct information about the content of the test item pool also increased performance. In Experiment II, with student…

The effects of negative instances in the acquisition of the conjunctive concepts of distributivity and homomorphism were examined. Ninety-two elementary education majors were used as subjects. Two treatment levels for distributivity (series of positive instances or positive and negative instances) and the same treatment levels for homomorphism…

The effects of 2 different types of positive and negative instances in learning "non-dimensioned" concepts were investigated. "Non-dimensioned" concepts are defined only by the presence or absence of distinct attributes. One-hundred-seventy-one 8th graders were given series of all positive or alternating positive and negative instances. Series of…

The intensity of information processing engendered in different phases of standard memory tasks was examined in six experiments. Processing intensity was conceptualized as system capacity consumed, and was measured via a divided-attention procedure in which subjects performed a memory task and a simple reaction-time (RT) task concurrently. The…

One hundred forty-three students enrolled in an undergraduate chemistry class were rank ordered by their performance on a test of organizing ability. The median break technique was used to form two groups--good organizers (GO) and poor organizers (PO). Students within each of these groups were then randomly assigned to three treatments. Treatment…

Consciousness in the learning process is equated with the student's capacity for criticizing and checking. Eight prerequisites for comprehension are presented. Also discussed are the advantages and disadvantages of programmed instruction, and the advantages of audiovisual teaching. (Text is in German.) (IFS/WGA)

Monitoring on some school-related tasks (editing, writing, spelling, and synonymy) was studied in learning disabled and normal adolescents. (Author)

Provides two illustrations of experiences with critical barriers as described in the previous article. The point of view taken is that of a student trying to understand new ideas. (MA)

To determine the effects of medication on the classroom learning of learning disabled children, five educationally relevant tasks were administered by the teacher to two 8-year-old boys receiving continuous Ritalin dosages interspersed with Ritalin or placebo dosaged on a random basis. (Author)

Case studies of three learning disabled gifted students are offered to illustrate apperantly contradictory characteristics and neuropsychological functioning patterns as demonstrated on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised. Techniques are suggested, including avoiding open-ended activities, providing enrichment alternatives along…

Describes efforts in the banking industry to combine the reward elements of incentive programs with training activities. Concludes that incentive programs can be combined effectively with learning activities so that training is reinforced and learned behavior is also practiced. (WL)

Advocates a behavioral point of view of how one goes about selecting media and how one designs the materials they mediate. (JY)

By the development of the technology, every styles of life and human being action face with changes. Fast, global and remarkable time come to be considerable. Social, global, cultural, educational competitiveness have been changed by the implication of the technology. Therefore; these changes also affect the learning styles, duration and method of…

There is a frequent misperception that the move from behaviorism to cognitivism implies an abandonment of the possibilities of decomposing knowledge into its elements for the purposes of study and decontextualizing these elements for instruction. Cognitivism does not imply outright rejection of decomposition and decontextualization. Two movements…