This study examined the effects of verbal and perceptual aspects of learner aptitudes in relation to inspection behavior performed while learning from written materials containing two modes of instructional content. Specific predictions were based on the theoretical consideration that requirements of different modes of instructional content were…

In a recent experiment it was discovered that although many children learn uniformly well (or poorly) from pictures and words, others learn appreciably better from pictures. The present study rules out an alternative explanation of those data--which had been produced on a single learning task containing both pictures and words--by obtaining…

Seven main experiments and three pilot studies were conducted to develop and test theories of transfer of training in children. Initial tests failed to support an incentive model for learning and transfer, but a new model given strong emphasis to the role of context in learning was developed which accounted for a wide range of learning and…

The purpose of this research was to experimentally manipulate input and output orders of information and separate storage and retrieval components of prose free recall. The cued partial recall method, used in word list recall, was adapted to a prose learning task. Four short biographical stories of about 55 words each were systematically combined…

From the ideas well set forth by Ferguson, Messick and others, a method was sought that would identify different abilities that entered at different stages in a task. The method selected should meet Cronbach's criterion that it would consider individual differences as well as group performance. Tucker's (1960, 1966) method seemed to be able to…

In a series of six experiments, undergraduate college students visually imagined letters or words and then classified as rapidly as possible the imagined letters for some physical property such as vertical height. This procedure allowed for a preliminary assessment of the temporal parameters of visual imagination. The results delineate a number of…

This experiment was designed to see if classroom instruction in the concept of water level and horizontality can improve students' knowledge of these concepts. The sample consisted of a kindergarten and a second grade class from one school and a first grade class from another school. Each class was divided into three groups. The first group was…

A discussion of learning potential among educable retardates reflects the author's findings that some solved difficult problems on the Kohs block designs, some did not do well at first but improved after coaching, and some did not do well before or after coaching. Additional studies of these highscorers, gainers, and nongainers are cited which…

Goal setting is a motivational technique effective in many subject matter areas with students of various grades and abilities. This paper describes the use of individual goal-setting conferences to increase learning in various subject matter areas. The technique includes a weekly individual conference in which the student is given the opportunity…

The Florida Title III Consortium was funded by the Office of Education to initiate a training and research project for the "Preparation, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Learner Centered Humanistic Approach to Curriculum and Instruction. This paper presents the highlights of this approach, including: (1) the involvement of the governing board…

This document is the 1971-72 annual progress report of the Center to Improve Learning and Instruction, at the University of Utah. A comprehensive look at the major projects of the Center during the 1971-72 year, the principal Center publications, project writing activities, activities related to seeking sources of funding, individual…

Fifteen kindergarten children, who began the study with Piaget's stage II seriation capabilities (they could serial order sticks but could not insert a number of sticks into an already ordered set), were individually given 30 minutes of seriation training on three consecutive days. Cue fading and the manipulation of discrimination levels were used…

Investigated were the effects of varying instructional explicitness (minimal, general, and explicit) and types of reinforcement (none, extrinsic, and intrinsic or relational) on the learning of an oddity discrimination task by 48 nursery school children. Ss were randomly assigned to six groups where general or minimal instructional explicitness…

This report provides an overview of concept and principle-learning studies and traces the theoretical basis for schema theory, which asserts that all knowledge is assimilated into a general cognitive framework. The procedures of an original study are described, which was designed to test the hypothesis that the inclusion of a "domain…

Different types of understandings are presented as different facets of the development of the mental processes. (MP)