Paper presented at the International Seminar on Experimental Research in Music Education (University of Reading, Reading, England, July 9-16, 1968).

To help refine a model of educational productivity, this paper reviews eight theories that present holistic models of in-school learning. The holistic models, all published between 1963 and 1978, involve either individual learners or single learning tasks. The authors discuss each model in turn and then compare them. They note that the theories…

This paper outlines a model of learning and problem solving based on ideas derived from information processing models of memory and Ausubel's theory of meaningful learning. The model explicitly deals with the cognitive processes that are required for learning, and defines the conditions necessary for learning as the existence of relevant…

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN READING ABILITY AND SYNTACTICAL MEDIATION IN PAIRED-ASSOCIATE (PA) LEARNING WAS EXAMINED. SUBJECTS WERE 64 FOURTH AND SECOND GRADERS IN WISCONSIN WHO WERE GROUPED ACCORDING TO GRADE LEVEL, TWO READING LEVELS, TWO TYPES OF INSTRUCTION, AND SEX. THE INSTRUCTIONAL TYPES WERE MEDIATION AND NONMEDIATION. THE STIMULI WERE 16…

To provide effective instruction, a taxonomic framework is proposed which (1) includes all possible learner outcomes yet is understandable and manageable, (2) provides order to currently existing taxonomies of learner outcomes, and (3) facilitates instructional planning. Domains of organismic adaptation roughly corresponding to (1) the need for…

Compared were the performances of 45 normal and 45 slow learners (all in junior high school) on a task of original and relearning of paired associate responses as a result of induced success or failure following each response. Ss were asked to pair stick figures with consonant trigrams and then told their performance was either correct or wrong…

Investigators in this study looked for conditions that can rapidly establish continuous stimulus control of continuous response variations, or "response mapping." Unlike previous research in stimulus control, where a single stimulus comes to control a single response, 36 5-year-old children received errorless discrimination training at…

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of real and nonsense pictures with no labels, high-frequency labels, or low-frequency labels in discrimination learning of young children. The subjects were 102 second-grade children randomly selected from several classrooms located in a semi-rural community in Wisconsin. The subjects were…

Ability to follow imperatives with one to five separate directives was measured in 18 retarded (mean IQ 50) and 18 nonretarded adolescents. Recorded were the number and sequence of directions correctly followed as well as the types of errors made. The retarded adolescent demonstrated deficiencies in following two, three, and four directives, while…

Several influences upon mathemagenic activity during text learning were examined in this study, and the effects of attentional processes arising during instruction upon incidental rather than intentional learning were focused on. The subjects were 114 students enrolled in eight graduate classes in educational psychology. Six experimental groups…

This study was designed to determine whether (1) rules are more easily memorized when stated in mathematical symbolism or when stated verbally, and whether (2) the ability to use constituent symbols correctly, assuming mastery of the underlying grammar, is a necessary and/or sufficient condition for applying a learned rule statement. Twenty-four…

Words in categories of high and low "flash-card learnability" and semantic congruence (logical congruence and associative congruence) were tested. Other independent variables were sex and intelligence (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test). The dependent variable was time in tenths of seconds, from the first presentation of a word list until the…

Children with learning disabilities are considered with reference to educational needs, professional knowledge, characteristics, definition, and incidence. Administrative solutions are then delineated, including early identification, special classes, resource rooms, supportive and consulting personnel, inservice education for regular class…

Robert M. Gagne, Ralph W. Tyler, and Wilbert J. McKeachie, in independently prepared statements made before a summer institute on effective teaching, emphasized that good learning is active rather than passive; stresses the learning of principles; exploits the advantages in newness: exploration of something new, a new practice, a principle learned…