This study was performed in order to test the author's notion that advance organizers operate because (1) they provide stable anchorage for concepts to be learned and (2) in order to operate they must be relatable by the student to the new material. To test this hypothesis the author constructed materials for each of ten treatments as defined by…

An attempt was made to develop human-like behavior in the computer. A theory of the human learning process was described. A computer game was presented which simulated the human capabilities of reasoning and learning. The program was required to make intelligent decisions based on past experiences and critical analysis of the present situation.…

Reported are the results of an experimental course taught at the ninth grade level. The course included both modern and traditional topics in algebra. Presented are a rationale for the course, a list of the topics included in the course, a description of instructional techniques and methods used in presenting and developing some of the main ideas…

This report is the result of a research effort that tried to find out what determines how much a student learns during his 4 years in college. The major purpose was to find partial answers to two basic questions. (1) If the input with respect to student ability is held constant, will identifiable groups of colleges have graduates showing greater…

This experiment was a direct test of the hypothesis that picture-word differences in discrimination learning are a function of apparent frequency differences associated with two types of material. The subjects consisted of 80 sixth graders randomly selected from two elementary schools located in middle-class neighborhoods. Each subject was tested…

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of behavioral objectives in teaching poetry to ninth graders results in understanding on all cognitive levels and response on all affective levels. Four heterogeneously grouped ninth grade classes were randomly selected and assigned so that all four classes were involved in testing, and…

Investigated were two problems in science education, the retention and positive lateral transfer of the scientific processes of observation and comparison. Data for this study were collected from two junior high school settings, urban and rural. A total sample of 172 seventh- and eighth-grade students were instructed in the skills of observation…

This study investigates relationships between differences in students' achievement and differences obtained by a technique held to yield a reasonably valid representation of students' memory structures of a particular subject matter. Also investigated was the nature of the flow of information between curriculum materials, teachers, and students.…

Fatalism as measured by Rotter's internal-external locus of control scale is the degree to which a person generally believes that events affecting his life are largely determined by other forces rather than by his own efforts. The purpose of this paper is to examine behavioral science theory concerning fatalism, and develop and test which types of…

In an investigation of the "shaping" function of postquestions in prose and of a new methodological approach, fifth-grade children read forty text cards, each consisting of four attributive statements. Each card was followed by an experimental question, which during training tested information related to specified concepts or positions, or…

Digraphs, graphs, and task analysis were used to map out the content structure of a programed text (SMSG) in elementary probability. Mathematical structure was defined as the relationship between concepts within a set of abstract systems. The word association technique was used to measure the existing relations (cognitive structure) in S's memory…

The use of equivalent-age children as tutors was investigated, and the cognitive changes of these tutors was examined. All first and second grade boys at two elementary schools were administered a pretest, and all those in a transitional stage of development between non-conservation and conservation of substance were selected for inclusion in the…

Teachers are increasingly becoming managers of the learning process rather than dispensers of knowledge and are being challenged to individualize their instruction to account for variability. Classroom objectives, characteristics of the learner, and the learning process are the focal points of this publication. Although there will continue to be…

Three topics in factor analysis are covered: a) a reliability coefficient for assessing the quality of a maximum likelihood factor analysis, b) an application of three-mode factor analysis to serial learning data, showing variations in learning curves over stages of learning and individuals, and c) the use of personal probability functions to…

The major concerns of this paper are the varying ways of approaching, diagnosing and solving the problems besetting education as a result of the rapid technological and social changes which uniquely characterize our own day. Three chapters address various aspects of thinking and of education. The first proposes a definition of the educational…