Describes six pressures and trends shaping society today: transformation of knowledge; the communications revolution; economic turbulence; shifts in power structures; new concept of work, education, and leisure; and the search for meaning. The effects of these pressures on social transition are discussed and implications drawn for learning and…

A FORTRAN 77 program is described that computes both the different response success-error patterns and their summary statistics for learning and forgetting in fixed trial experiments using a two-stage Markov model. (Author/GDC)

A complete package for Markov model-based fixed trial learning experiments contains four FORTRAN 77 programs. Two of the programs deliver likelihood and parameter estimates of one- and two-stage learning models, and two may be used for hypothesis testing of parameter differences between and within experimental conditions. (Author/GDC)

Discussed are different aspects of interviewing that will help a teacher to learn weaknesses and strengths of students' mathematical thinking. Information learned from the students can have a dramatic effect on what is taught, when it is taught, how it is taught, and how a child's progress is evaluated. (RH)

Discusses a model which provides a partial explanation of why females are not achieving equity in mathematics education. The model consists of four phases and explores mediating factors of autonomous learning behaviors which exist between socialization influences and learning. (JN)

A sample of 328 freshman economics students is disaggregated by the students' gender, previous knowledge of economics, attitudes toward economics, and innate abilities. Results show that students learn more economics if they take microeconomics before macroeconomics. Appended are 14 references. (MLF)

Relationship between maternal ratings of temperament and operant learning was examined in 18 2- to 3-month-old infants. Subjects participated in a conjugate reinforcement experiment; mothers of subjects completed the Carey and McDevitt Revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire 2 to 3 days before the learning study. Two temperament dimensions,…

The "hm Study Skills Program" is described and the importance of teaching study skills emphasized. Study skills instruction unites the concern for students' need to learn basic skills and educators' concern for helping students grow. (MD)

Describes a study that examined phonological features of a group of 10 Urdu speaking children (20 to 30 months) to determine if a general theory of language learning can be deduced on the basis of Jakobson's theory of language universals. Addresses the question of how far such a theory is applicable to Urdu speaking children acquiring their native…

Reading disability is conceptualized as a disorder of several aspects of langauage, with acquisition of syntax, phonics, and phonemic coding in short-term memory signficantly delayed. However, semantic processing appears to be relatively intact. Remedial reading programs should stress the encouragement of expressive language skills. (Author/CL)

Relationships between cheating and distracting study conditions are studied in light of the premise that if an individual is frustrated in his attempts to learn he will be more likely to cheat. (MM)

The critique of Thomas Green's thought explores logical relationships between the concepts of teaching and learning in terms of the ideas of task achievement. (GW)

A factorial design was used with two anxiety groups (high and low), three reinforcement conditions (praise, reproof, and praise plus reproof), and three levels of intelligence (high, middle, low). Subjects were 252 students (mean age, 14.7 years). (Author/JH)

This document provides examples of practice to improve planning at a school or departmental level in widening participation (including disability) and learning and teaching. It is not prescriptive, but identifies common principles that institutions funded by the Higher Education Funding Council for England can adapt to their own circumstances to…

In preparation for a conference on learning and individual differences, the invited authors prepared chapters, which were distributed in draft form. Presentations were followed by discussions, which were recorded, and then edited for this volume, so that the discussion transcript follows each paper. The chapters in part 1, General Background and…