The fundamental needs and urges of undergraduate students should and can be accommodated in the curriculum. However, the large body of information on student development is little reflected in curricula, college organization or instruction. Revitalized instruction depends upon the teacher's acceptance of certain postulates: that students have…

A study examined the effects of verbal and perceptual aptitudes in relation to the efficacy of two different kinds of modeling procedures (written and filmed presentations) in the acquisition of a teaching skill (analytic questioning). It was anticipated that for Ss receiving the film-mediated model, criterion scores would show stronger relation…

Reported are the results of an exploratory study that analyzed appropriate mathematical or "pre-mathematical" experiences for very young children of nursery school, kindergarten, or first-grade age. Among alternative approaches are the approach via sets, the approach via real numbers, and the approach via the physical act of counting.…

A series of four experiments was performed based on a model of human information processing. The model postulates four stages in the processing of an external stimulus: encoding (stage 1), central processing (stage 2), response selection, e.e. decoding (stage 3), and response execution (stage 4). The total reaction time can be decomposed into two…

This book deals with the development of the child's notion about space. The authors' investigations have been concerned with the order and manner in which children begin to imagine or visualize the various spatial entities and spatial characteristics of objects. They report that the child first recognizes various objects by sense of touch alone…

A Commission on Instructional Technology has been established to assist the nation and to meet some of the most pressing educational needs. The Commission's task was to determine if belief in technology's value for education is justified. The starting point of the study is learning. The value of any technology used in education is therefore…

Reported is a study to determine the relative effectiveness of a meaningful concrete and a meaningful symbolic model in learning a selected mathematics principle. Subjects were from a second grade population and they were assigned to three treatments. Students assigned to Treatment 1 received instruction in the principle with a meaningful symbolic…

This paper comments on Gagne's classification scheme with respect to learning outcomes, and offers a research design appropriate for instructional research studies. It challenges certain assumptions concerning correspondence between subject matter and categories, and asserts that the logic of experimental analysis should be applied to…

Most of the literature on the instructional effects of operationally defining the objectives of a curriculum before implementation has been based on a logical, rather than an empirical, analysis of the instructional process. A model procedure was developed and used to examine empirically the contribution of the cognitive objectives of an…

According to this book of "psychological talks to parents and teachers," the American education system is a major social tragedy because it fails to recognize the potential of the individual. Individual differences are often ignored in the "assembly-line" approach to education and labeling children according to test scores is a way of dehumanizing…

This report discusses the linear-process relationships in a 2-year replicated study relating observed teacher behavior to measured learning gains. Correlations relate high and low inference measures of teacher behavior to measures of student learning gain on five achievement tests. The sample involved second and third grade teachers, selected…

This book, comprised of seven chapters, focuses on the problem of planning a curriculum that recognizes and promotes growth of each pupil in the areas of mental health and learning. Chapter one, "Mutuality of Effective Functioning and School Experiences," emphasizes acceptance of pupils' thoughts and feelings and the pupils' challenging…

The European literature on algorithms for learning and instruction is reviewed in this document. The word "algorithm" is defined, the relationship between the European literature and current trends in research on learning and instruction in the United States is described, the important practical uses of algorithms are discussed, and potential…

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using externally paced testing upon cognitive achievement and attitudes of college freshmen who were administered externally paced programed instruction material in mathematics. Three groups, each containing equal numbers of students representing three characteristics work rates, were…

The series is a collection of translations from the Soviet literature of the past 25 years on research in the psychology of mathematical instruction and the related methods of teaching mathematics. The aim of the series is to acquaint educators and teachers with directions, ideas, and accomplishments in the psychology of mathematical instruction…