This series of papers on stress and anxiety is part of a larger project concerned with a critical appraisal of research needs in the areas of personality, emotion, and motivation. A group of behavioral scientists contributed their expertise in identifying critical variables, concepts, and processes relating to stress and anxiety. Rather than…

The present study sought to discover the effects on delayed retention of two different degrees of quality of initial instruction for two different amounts of learning time; which combination of quality and time is most likely to be achieved in normal school situations; and the implications for those who design instructional materials. Two…

This paper explores the role of the student and states that it is not sufficient to conceive of the student's role as only a response to conditions set by the instructor's role. Part 1 of this paper discusses the relationship between the instructor's role and the student's role in a college program. It states that the role of the student is to…

This report deals with research presently being done dealing with the acquisition of musical skills. In an attempt to create a self-paced, independent music study approach, investigators have formulated two main hypotheses: (1) that perception and cognition are inextricably intertwined - not discrete quantities; and (2) that learning behavior in…

The National Institute of Education takes a fundamental approach to the problems it is addressing. This implies the creation of an intellectual framework for the problem areas, which can be used to systematize existing knowledge and research approaches and suggest promising new directions for research and development. Neural mechanisms of learning…

This study presents a holistic framework which can be used as a basis for decision-making at various points in the curriculum-instruction development process as described by Johnson in a work published in 1967. The proposed framework has conceptual bases in the work of Thomas S. Kuhn and David P. Ausubel and utilizes the work of several perceptual…

The change process consists of a series of stages, beginning with awareness of organizational dysfunction and culminating in successful implementation of change. Difficulties in instigating change in schools are due to: (a) diffused and poorly defined school goals and objectives; (b) a school environment of conflicting and contradictory…

This report describes 10 projects that deal with effective and efficient methods of teaching and learning. "Communication Skills Improvement for Junior High Students" has three objectives: (a) to build increased interest in reading, (b) to provide assistance in developing reading skills, and (c) to provide teachers with various aids to…

An annotated list of technical reports, journal articles, book chapters, and conference papers produced by members of the staff of the American Institutes for Research in the past ten years is provided. The earliest research addressed fundamental issues in programed instruction. Later, it came to address issues common to both programed instruction…

A 21 minute sound color film was produced in an attempt to help teachers and educational specialists see people like themselves helping youngsters become more task oriented by the use of operant conditioning and modeling procedures formulated by Skinner (1953) and Bandura (1964). The unstructured and unrehearsed film consists of edited film…

As used in education, the term "turned on" teacher means a teacher who is "with it" in being emotionally, intellectually and existentially involved with: (1) the subject matter being taught; (2) the contemporary scene; and (3) what is relevant for students. Samples of administrators and teachers interviewed stressed personal characteristics and…

Investigated was the problem-solving ability of secondary school students as it related to their verbalization. Experimental treatment followed the students' demonstration of awareness of some mathematical concept. The four experimental groups included students who: (1) did not verbalize, (2) verbalized correctly, (3) verbalized incorrectly and…

Studied was the interaction between curriculum treatment and selected aptitude variables as predictors of learning and transfer scores. Visualization ability was measured by a paper folding test; general reasoning ability was measured by the Necessary Arithmetic Operations Test. Geometry students (191) were assigned to treatment groups for two…

This report is a result of an attempt to stimulate research related to the affective domain in the fields of English, mathematics, physical education, science, and social studies. The first phase of the project reported in this paper was the appointment of a task force of eight highly qualified scholars whose special competencies were in the…

An operations research method to optimize the teaching-learning process is introduced in this paper. In particular, a linear programing model is proposed which, unlike dynamic or control theory models, allows the computer to react to the responses of a learner in seconds or less. To satisfy the assumptions of linearity, the seemingly complicated…