This report describes research conducted regarding the development of a precise scientific language called the "Set-Function" Language (SFL) which was formulated in terms of sets and functions. The SFL retains many of the basic aspects of cognitive formulations but also provides more rigor than most of the other scientific languages. The SFL…

Described is a conceptual model for comparing, synthesizing, and evaluating present instructional strategies and for research and development of new instructional programs. The model is based on the assumption that instructor's behavior can be categorized according to observable characteristics and that these categories will be subsumed under the…

Examined were the cognitive preferences of sixth grade students in relationship both to student involvement in a program utilizing Elementary Science Study Materials and to the teaching strategies employed by the teachers. Two-hundred twenty-six students of eleven teachers, who had taken part in summer workshops to gain experience in using ESS…

A distinction is made between the learnability and readability of text materials. Learnability refers to the extent to which new learning results from reading a passage; readability refers to the extent to which a passage is comprehended. Cleraly, comprehension can occur without new learning. Classic readability formulas use text characteristics…

The purpose of this study was to explore among first grade children the relationship between achievement in mathematics and the understanding of the principles of conservation, seriation, and categorization as these are defined by Jean Piaget. Research instruments included those designed by Piaget and the Greater Cleveland Mathematics Tests.…

This paper describes a training program for communication consultants in a school district, and presents an evaluation of the effects of the program on participants. A 2-week laboratory provided an opportunity for the 23 trainees to practice diagnosing and intervening into team organizational processes and to try out exercises and techniques that…

This study analyzes the relative effects of two categories of variables upon the learning of a basic social science concept by a kindergarten population. Major hypotheses were: (1) Subjects receiving treatments with low degrees of irrelevant material would score significantly higher on concept-learning measures related to the task than those…

Generalized views of the role of the elementary school in a democratic society and of the uniqueness of each student have implications for policy in improving elementary education. Owing to the youth of its clientele, the elementary school has an intense impact. No school so greatly affects so many Americans. It is a democratic institution…

Ten papers constitute the major portion of this book: "The Classroom Teacher, Mental Health, and Learning," Robert E. Bills; "The Development of Selected Aspects of the Mental Health Movement in Teacher Education," Ralph H. Ojemann; "What Psychology Has To Offer to Teacher Education," Carl R. Rogers; "Conceptual…

The relationship between instruction and transfer was studied to determine if tests of transfer would influence evaluation of instruction differently than tests of learning of specifics. Subjects were 120 fourth graders of average intelligence. The children were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: (1) rule treatment, (2) specific…

A major aspect of the problem of evaluation concerns the measurement of educational outcomes. Such measurement involves, first of all, an inference regarding what is being learned, retained, or transferred. A description is given of the operations which underlie such inferences. It is contended that educational measurement needs to concern itself…

This study describes efforts to create instructional materials cognitively appealing to students demonstrating aptitude for figurally, verbally, or symbolically oriented material. Subjects were given a battery of tests designed to measure their figural, semantic, and symbolic aptitudes. Subjects then studied a unit on network tracing in one of…

In the fall of 1970 the LAMPS (Laboratory Approach to Mathematical Problem Solving) Program began to operate in three elementary schools. This field study deals with the procedure, problems, disappointments, and successes in developing the LAMPS Laboratories. It describes the efforts made to secure greater student involvement and achievement in…

The series is a collection of translations from the Soviet literature of the past 25 years on research in the psychology of mathematical instruction and the related methods of teaching mathematics. The aim of the series is to acquaint educators and teachers with directions, ideas, and accomplishments in the psychology of mathematical instruction…

This paper focuses on the nature of contract learning at institutions set up partially or solely on that basis considering (1) contract learning that takes place as the complete educational experience, and (2) contract learning that takes place as one component of a traditional college or university program. Emphasis is placed on the general…