Prenatal maternal stress has been shown to affect postnatal development in animals and humans. In animals, the morphology and function of the offspring's hippocampus is negatively affected by prenatal maternal stress. The present study prospectively investigated the influence of prenatal maternal stress on learning and memory of 112 children (50…

Recent research suggests that the examination of students' work may lead to changes in teaching practice that are more effective in terms of students' mathematical learning. However, the link between the examination of students' work and the teachers' actions in the classroom is largely unexamined, particularly at the secondary level. In this…

"The network" has achieved a form of "institutionalized utopianism" in the recent past and is posited as a neo-liberal solution to social scientific researchers and education practitioners learning with and from one another. This paper first outlines why the metaphor of the network is so persuasive. It goes on to problematize some of the key…

Two secondary out-of-school activities were evaluated to determine how well each met rigorous definitions of curriculum. It was found that the activities--a whitewater canoe trip and a series of 3 10-day expeditions to a boreal forest, a subarctic area, and a mountain setting--both met the criteria for curriculum including intent of the teacher to…

This Unified Sciences and Mathematics for Elementary Schools (USMES) unit challenges students to learn or teach someone certain things (spelling, geometry, metric system). The challenge is general enough to apply to many problem-solving situations in mathematics, science, social science, and language arts at any elementary school level (grades…

Recent research by Smith and Glass indicates that academic achievement is often correlated with class size. Findings from the Beginning Teacher Evaluation Study suggest that teachers can do a better job with smaller classes partly because they are able to individualize instruction. Yet the possibility of reducing class size significantly is…

The document consists of collected articles which provide information to teachers on constructing goals for K-12 social studies and developing learning activities which implement those goals. The project was undertaken in response to national interest in citizenship education and in an attempt to enable teachers to identify basic skills to which…

The Elementary and Secondary Education Cost-Effectiveness Model originally developed to a detailed mathematical specification has now been developed into a computer programmed form which can be used at the school system level. This, the Office of Education Cost-Effectiveness (OECE) Model, is based on the major hypotheses that changes in student…

The 15 papers in this book consider the issues, opportunities, and challenges facing higher education with regard to postbaccalaureate education, focusing particularly on how to ensure a productive, competitive workforce in today's global-based economy. Titles in Part 1, "Emerging Markets for Postbaccalaureate Education," are: (1)…

The typology of institutions of learning in Islam is examined with concentration on a particular institution of learning, the Muslim college, especially in its madrasa form, and on the scholastic method that was its product. Chapter 1, "Institutions," examines the rise of the schools of law, typology of learning and the law of waqf as it…

The paper focuses on development and implementation of the curriculum phase of an urban environmental studies program entitled Project Environmental Action Community Education (P.E.A.C.E.) The curriculum model developed for P.E.A.C.E. was based on the premises that it should be created by relevant consumer groups as well as educators,…

A research project of environmental learning in children is discussed. Most of the studies conducted during the research involved observation of children aged 3-12, in mapping and free environmental behavior, and in curricular experiments using perceptual surrogates for map-learning and macro-environmental conceptualization in the lower elementary…

Students in the Physiotherapy Programme carried out a group project in their final year of studies. The objectives of the project were that the students learn and appreciate the process and activities involved in research, acquire deeper understanding of a topic in their professional interest, learn to work as a team, manage their own time,…

Recent developments in cognitive psychology suggest models for knowledge and learning that often fall outside the realm of standard test theory. This paper concerns probability-based inference in terms of such models. The essential idea is to define a space of "student models"--simplified characterizations of students' knowledge, skill,…

Intended for upper-level students in nursing and related professions who have been selected to work as peer tutors, this book was designed to help peer tutors become a caring, competent resource for nursing students through independent study. The book attempts to lay the theoretical groundwork for understanding tutoring as a legitimate aspect of…