An exploratory investigation designed to gain insights into children's mathematical formulation of observed actions upon objects is presented. Eight episodes in which first and second graders were asked to interpret, in terms of number sentences, a sequence of actions with unifix cubes are also presented. Results of analysis of the videotaped…

The document presents an in-service training program/workshop for school personnel, on handicapped children and special education. The workshop is presented in modular form and consists of 8 submodules, lasting a total of approximately 10 hours. Submodules presented include terminology in special education, identification of handicapping…

This is one of several study guides on contemporary problems produced by the American Association for the Advancement of Science with support of the National Science Foundation. This guide is designed to be used by teachers at the undergraduate college level and by college students intending to become teachers. The guide includes eight units: (1)…

The aim of the Curriculum Development Centre (CDC) of Australia is to foster curriculum and materials development from preschool to post-secondary levels. A broad concept of curriculum includes the totality of experience which a child undergoes during his schooling. Curriculum development under this definition is concerned with developing…

This paper reports on three studies of the changes in teacher effects on student learning and attitudes as a function of teacher practice. Two studies were performed in a tutorial context, the first with 4 tutors and 16 students, the second with 17 tutors and 68 students. The third study used small group instruction with 12 teachers and 288…

The purpose of this study was to determine which mode of instruction (deductive or inductive) and which time of exposure produced greatest student acquisition of a classificational concept. The population consisted of 385 high school students randomly assigned to classes at the beginning of the school year; subsequently, 21 classes were randomly…

A review of task analysis procedures beginning with the military training and systems development approach and covering the more recent work of Gagne, Klausmeier, Merrill, Resnick, and others is presented along with a plan for effective instruction based on the review of task analysis. Literature dealing with the use of task analysis in programmed…

An instructional design based on task analysis procedures was used to develop two experimental lessons to accelerate attainment of a subject-matter concept by fourth grade students. A variation of the Solomon Four-Group design was employed to determine the effects of the pretest. Performance of 118 randomly assigned subjects on a measure assessing…

This study examines the effects of using different classes of ratios on adolescent performance on proportionality problems. Problems of the form a/b = c/x varied on four dimensions: size of a/b, equality or inequality of b and c, complex or simple fractions, and form of the test. Tests consisted of six proportionality problems involving sizes of…

Theories and descriptions of various infant fear behaviors are presented in this paper. Five examples of fear are given: (1) learned fear, in which the infant associates some unpleasant action with an agent, (2) unlearned fear, in which the infant experiences an intense sensory phenomena such as a loud noise, (3) stranger anxiety, (4) fear caused…

This publication is the third in a series of monographs reporting the results of studies made by personnel in the Science Education Center of the University of Texas at Austin. Several of the studies in this issue were attempts at identifying broad areas of teacher behavior affecting student outcomes, which, once identified, could be the basis for…

Abstracts of 28 research reports are provided. The reports were prepared by investigators for presentation at the 54th annual meeting of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. A broad range of topics related to mathematics education are covered. Three reports concern the effects of differing presentations of mathematics, four are related…

This discussion of heuristic learning focuses on inquiry and problem solving: their distinctions, uses, and advantages over traditional methods of science teaching. (MLH)

This book, containing conference papers and a summary of activities, focuses on the contributions which current research in cognitive psychology can make to the solution of problems in instructional design. The first three parts of the book include sets of research contributions followed by discussions: part one deals with different strategies for…

This paper illustrates the use of a behavioral analysis of completed curriculum materials as an extremely useful technique for identifying a gradual progression in task difficulty appropriate to the to-be-learned higher ordered behavior. Several learning resources from Pittsburgh's Learning Research and Development Center's Individualized Science…