This paper is a report of a 1974 conference of Teachers of Teachers of Mathematics (TOTOM) from Oregon colleges. The conference was organized for the purpose of discussing competencies of elementary teachers of mathematics. The conferees took the position that they could not define necessary and sufficient criteria for the competent teaching of…

This booklet provides an annotated list of 48 research reports related to mathematics teaching and learning of primary school children, and a bibliographic listing of 102 additional papers dealing with these topics. Each bibliography is organized into five major divisions: (1) growth and development of children, (2) development of mathematical…

The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of kindergarten readers with those of children who entered kindergarten but could not read. One hundred thirty children were identified as readers and 130 children were randomly selected from each of the readiness and non-readiness groups in the Madison, Wisconsin public schools. A…

To investigate the development of the process whereby deaf Ss attend to the orthographic structure of written materials, the perception of words and letter sequences by 108 deaf and hearing Ss matched at three grade levels (grades 1, 2, and 4) of word reading was studied. Ss were shown three sets of structured/unstructured stimuli (such as "VUNS"…

To assess the effects of wide aptitude differences on the acquisition of military knowledges and skills, a sample of 183 Army recruits was divided into three maximally distant aptitude groups on the basis of Armed Forces Qualifying Test (AFQT) scores: high aptitude (AFQT 90-99); middle aptitude (AFQT 45-55); low aptitude (AFQT 10-21). Recruits…

Many of the references in this bibliography are followed by a listing of ERIC descriptors to indicate the contents. The items are grouped into six sections: (1) learning and the learning environment; (2) classroom environment; (3) school and educational environments; (4) environmental influences upon learning and education; color, thermal…

The research reported here was supported by funds granted under the 1964 Economic Opportunity Act. Part 1, "Theoretical Vantage Points," includes discussions of economic disadvantagement, the culture of poverty, and poverty versus equality of opportunity. Part two, "Socialization and Learning," includes a discussion of the transmission of…

This study measured how spelling textbook word-study exercises that call attention to word structure and phonic elements affect learning to spell, retention of learned spelling, and transfer of learned spelling to usage. Of particular concern were structural approaches which utilized essential changes in word form which may possibly invite error…

The New York State Center for Migrant Studies conducted this 1968 study which investigated effects of token reinforcers on reading and arithmetic skills learnings of migrant primary school students during a 6-week summer school session. Students (Negro and Caucasian) received plastic tokens to reward skills learning responses. Tokens were traded…

This volume contains the major presentations of two conferences on the theme: "Low Achievers in Mathematics and Title 1, ESEA" attended by mathematics educators in New York State. Melvin Mendelsohn summarizes "Activities of the Bureau of Mathematics Education Related to Title I, ESEA". "Cognition and Learning Style of the…

This study developed prototype diagnostic and teaching materials to test logical reasoning ability in second, third, and fourth grade pupils. The testing procedure attempted to find the most difficult levels, along several dimensions, at which a child can use a logical rule. The materials dealt with the rule for "or" elimination and the rule for…

Two studies were designed to examine the relationship between moral judgment and role-taking in young children. In Study I, 30 lower class and 30 middle class five-year-olds were presented with affective, cognitive and perceptual role-taking tasks. Task performances were then examined in relation to four dimensions of moral…

Three experiments were conducted to examine the effects of adult expectations on children's learning and performance; one in-classroom study and two experimental studies were made in order to investigate developmental trends in susceptibility to expectancy effects and the relationship of induced vs. self-generated expectancies vis-a-vis children's…

This text is a series of readings designed to introduce the student to scientific research on children. Choice of material for inclusion was based on: (1) the provision of a wide selection of the developmental literature, its origins and growth; (2) the presentation of examples of empirical research, and (3) the selection of articles representing…

The relationship between learning style (impulsivity-constriction and stability-anxiety), reading scores, and scanning performance was investigated. Twenty high school students enrolled in a precollege reading and study skills program participated in an 80-trial (10-session) scanning experiment. The task involved searching for a target sentence…