This digest provides information about "Research Within Reach: Science Education. A Research-Guided Response to the Concerns of Educators," part of a series produced by the Appalachia Educational Laboratory, Inc., Charleston, West Virginia. (Previous volumes in the series focused on reading, elementary mathematics, oral and written…

The effect of an advance organizer on post test performance was studied in a 2 X 2 X 2 factorial design with the effects of the organizer, pretest and mathematics learning passage controlled. An advance organizer of approximately 500 words and a learning passage of approximately 1,000 words were developed. A 41-item multiple choice test based on…

Poor lighting conditions in classrooms result not only from low intensity light but also from too high intensity light, an uneven distribution of light, and glare. Since visual tasks in a classroom constitute 62 percent of a student's time in school, suggestions are made of ways lighting conditions can be improved. The principles and…

This study examines children's understanding of temporal markers and explores a strategy for teaching such understanding when it is absent. The original sample for this study consisted of 22 first graders and 85 kindergarten children. All subjects were individually pretested with the Temporal Marker Test (TMT) which evaluates performance on eight…

Educational cognitive style refers to a person's preferred ways of gathering meaning from surroundings. It involves four groups of behaviors: receiving, expressing, reasoning, and handling the receiving/expressing in specific settings or modalities. A comparison of communication and educational cognitive style shows that several ideas are common…

This paper reviews recent literature on classroom management, focusing specifically on teachers' techniques for organizing students, space, time and materials in order to keep a class running smoothly so that learning can take place. Four main areas of classroom management research which are relevant to elementary school teachers are identified…

This review presents a broad perspective of the state of knowledge in science education, a description of existing trends, the areas where research is needed, and tentative answers to persistent problems that have been identified from the research. The review is organized into eight sections. An introductory section describes methods of using…

TRENDS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD AND ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM, SCHOOL ORGANIZATION, TEACHING METHODS AND MATERIALS, STAFF UTILIZATION, AND SCHOOL-COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIPS REFLECT THE NATION'S GROWING CONCERN FOR EDUCATION AND, PARTICULARLY, FOR THE EDUCATION OF DISADVANTAGED LEARNERS. NOW, INSTEAD OF THE TRADITIONAL EMPHASIS UPON THE STANDARD…

Conference papers on scholarship at a land-grant university, scholarship in general, and the interrelationships among scholarship, teaching, research, and societal needs are presented. In "Scholarship Through Teaching," Keith Goldhammer suggests that teaching, research, and scholarship are not separate domains, and that the teacher's role is to…

The extent to which the middle school becomes a true educational alternative is directly related to the ability of middle school educators and researchers to identify and investigate the developmental needs and learning capacities of students. Three important developmental characteristics of early adolescents are a high need for peer friendships,…

This is the final report of a research project. The goal of the project was to record a large collection of mathematical performances by students and to develop a system for analyzing these performances. The subjects observed included students in grades 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 9 and three adult groups. Four specific results are reported: (1) a large…

ASCERTAINED WAS THE COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF TWO TECHNIQUES OF TEACHING SEVENTH GRADE GENERAL SCIENCE--(1) A NON-PROGRAMED, PROBLEM-SOLVING APPROACH, AND (2) A PROBLEM-SOLVING APPROACH THROUGH SELECTED, OPEN-ENDED, LABORATORY EXPERIENCES. SPECIFICALLY, THIS STUDY ATTEMPTED TO DETERMINE WHETHER THERE WERE ANY SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE…

THIS DOCUMENT WAS DEVELOPED TO HELP ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS KEEP PACE WITH THE CONTINUALLY ADVANCING FIELD OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH, PARTICULARLY AS IT APPLIES TO THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SCIENCE PROGRAM. IT IS ONE IN A SERIES OF PAMPHLETS ON "WHAT RESEARCH SAYS TO THE TEACHER," PRODUCED JOINTLY BY THE NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION (NEA)…

Architect Donald Barthelme expresses a personal concept of an architectural-educational philosophy and presents his design concept for a new kind of campus. He classifies two types of architecture--(1) architecture which places the opportunity to build ahead of any obligation to people, and (2) architecture which places a primary interest and…

The importance and consequences of raising the average ability level (IQ) of the population requires consideration of the ability level that society requires, how the relevant abilities are distributed, and the efficiency of the current educational process. Within the framework of these factors, the document discusses the determinants of mental…