Mathematical concepts have been a consensus goal for decades, yet there is little consensus on what is meant by the terms "mathematical concept" and "mathematical understanding." This article attempts to discuss these terms in a way that can be of practical use to teachers. Greater clarity on "mathematical concept"…

This book can help you incorporate critical literacy pedagogy into your high school English Language Arts (ELA) classroom, so that your students can use what they study in class to work toward making a more just and equitable world. Through the acronym CHANGE, the book explores how critical literacy pedagogy can support students as they Challenge…

The "communication effect" is what happens when we saturate our classrooms with authentic communication, which occurs when students use language to build up ideas and do meaningful things. For starters, authentic communication deepens and increases language development, learning of content concepts and skills, rigor and engagement,…

The tension between teachers' desires to instill independence in students, and students' desires for teachers to provide answers, is a complex one. This article explores a lesson that, with virtually no guidance from the teacher, enhances student independence, engagement, and insight.

This study shares two frameworks for analyzing teacher actions that support students in generalizing and examines how those frameworks align with teacher questioning. One classroom teaching episode focused on the mathematical activity of generalizing is shared to illustrate effective generalizing promoting practices. We found several patterns of…

For English language learners (ELLs) to productively engage in classroom discussions that foster language development, content knowledge, and analytical practices, teachers must create a trusting classroom culture. How do we ensure that all ELLs have opportunities to productively use oral language in academic settings? And how do we ensure that…

This qualitative research study examined how two novice secondary teachers drew on preservice preparation to teach language demands of their content area to bilingual learners in urban high schools in a city in the northeastern United States. Data sources included videotaped class observations, lesson plans and teaching materials, and…

In this article we describe current educational research underlying a comprehensive model for building a scientific classroom discourse community. We offer a professional development activity for a school-based professional learning community, providing specific science instructional strategies within this interactive teaching model. This design…

Explains the concept of language function and its importance in classroom instruction. Defines specific language functions--controlling, informing, forecasting/reasoning, and projecting--and suggests how children can practice these functions within the scope of a social studies lesson. Includes sample lessons and lists of activities to elicit…

This article is the first in a series that connects the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics "Curriculum and Evaluation Standards" with the new document, "Professional Standards for Teaching Mathematics." The four focal components of the "Professional Teaching Standards" are given, followed by a deeper…

This unit of instruction is one of a series of materials developed by the Comprehensive Vocational Teacher Education Program for the Mississippi ARC (Appalachian Regional Commission) Region to provide teacher educators, vocational directors, teachers, and others with basic instructional material needed to guide and assist inservice vocational…