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Direct linkJoseph A. Hogan – Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 2025
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (2004) allows alternate pathways for school districts to identify and classify students with a specific learning disability (SLD). Response to Intervention (RtI) is one of the frameworks schools can use when eliminating the use of the discrepancy model. The premise of RtI posits that…
Descriptors: Response to Intervention, Students with Disabilities, Learning Disabilities, Classification
Susan Polirstok; Joseph A. Hogan – Excelsior: Leadership in Teaching and Learning, 2024
Multi-tiered Systems of Support (MTSS) is an outgrowth of Response to Intervention (RtI). The various systems of support for students and school communities provided through these programs are integral to modern education and embedded in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) of 2004. While there are many benefits to…
Descriptors: Multi Tiered Systems of Support, Response to Intervention, Program Implementation, Educational Legislation
Raben, Kasandra; Brogan, Justin; Dunham, Mardis; Bloomdahl, Susana Contreras – Exceptionality Education International, 2019
Response to intervention (RTI) is used as a prerequisite to referring children for special education eligibility for learning disabilities (LD). RTI provides schools with a framework for helping students with learning challenges. In the United States, while the number of students receiving services through RTI has remained consistent, the overall…
Descriptors: Response to Intervention, Eligibility, Special Education, Referral
Winters, Marcus A.; Carpenter, Dick M., II; Clayton, Grant – Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 2017
We use administrative data to measure whether attending a charter school in Denver, Colorado, reduces the likelihood that students are newly classified as having a disability in primary grades. We employ an observational approach that takes advantage of Denver's Common Enrollment System, which allows us to observe each school that the student…
Descriptors: Charter Schools, Special Education, Elementary School Students, Probability
Ryan, Carolyn S., Ed. – IntechOpen, 2017
Learning disabilities are conditions that are associated with difficulties in knowledge and skill acquisition to the level expected of same-age peers. The current book is an international examination of assessment methods, preventative measures, intervention, and research with those individuals with learning disabilities obtained from authors in…
Descriptors: Learning Disabilities, Foreign Countries, Classification, Identification
The Impact of Response to Intervention on Learning Disability Identification: School Based Practices
Smith, Tina B. – ProQuest LLC, 2017
The "Response to Intervention Guidance for New York State School Districts" (2010) document indicates Response to Intervention (RTI) is a mandated general education process intended to provide early interventions to struggling at-risk students. The multi-level RTI framework is structured to include targeted evidence-based interventions…
Descriptors: Response to Intervention, School Districts, Early Intervention, At Risk Students
Lewis, Katherine E. – Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 2014
Mathematical learning disability (MLD) research often conflates low achievement with disabilities and focuses exclusively on deficits of students with MLDs. In this study, the author adopts an alternative approach using a response-to-intervention MLD classification model to identify the resources students draw on rather than the skills they lack.…
Descriptors: Learning Disabilities, Mathematics Education, Response to Intervention, Models
Zirkel, Perry A. – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2013
Based on the latest U.S. Department of Education data, this article presents the enrollment figures for students identified with specific learning disabilities (SLD) under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) for the school years from 1995-1996 to 2011-2012. The figures for each year are (a) the number of students with SLD ages 6…
Descriptors: Enrollment Trends, Response to Intervention, Learning Disabilities, Incidence
Dombrowski, Stefan C.; Gischlar, Karen L. – Journal of Applied School Psychology, 2014
The authors encourage those in the field of school psychology to consider the use of learning disabilities assessment practices in relation to specific American Psychological Association and National Association of School Psychologists ethical codes and in regard to the American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association,…
Descriptors: Learning Disabilities, Disability Identification, Ethics, School Psychology
Swanson, H. Lee, Ed.; Harris, Karen R., Ed.; Graham, Steve, Ed. – Guilford Press, 2014
Widely regarded as the standard reference in the field, this comprehensive handbook presents state-of-the-art knowledge about the nature and classification of learning disabilities (LD), their causes, and how individuals with these difficulties can be identified and helped to succeed. Best practices are described for supporting student performance…
Descriptors: Learning Disabilities, Guides, Book Reviews, Classification
Buttner, Gerhard; Hasselhorn, Marcus – International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 2011
Students with difficulties in specific cognitive processes and academic achievement with otherwise normal levels of intellectual functioning are classified as having a learning disability (LD). In spite of extensive recent research in a number of disciplines, controversial debate continues with regard to several issues. To reconcile some of them…
Descriptors: Learning Disabilities, Disability Identification, Cognitive Processes, Definitions
Clarke, Ben; Nese, Joseph F. T.; Alonzo, Julie; Smith, Jean Louise M.; Tindal, Gerald; Kame'enui, Edward J.; Baker, Scott K. – Assessment for Effective Intervention, 2011
The results from a year-long study to investigate the technical features of easyCBM mathematics screening measures for first grade are presented. Measures were designed based on the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Curriculum Focal Point standards, which for Grade 1 include (a) Number and Operations and Algebra, (b) Number and…
Descriptors: Mathematics Curriculum, Predictive Validity, Classification, Mathematics Teachers
