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Nichols, E. G.; And Others – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 1988
The study of 813 learning disabled children (ages 6-11) with test-retest data (after three years) on 224 children found the children to suffer a progressive deterioration in verbal ability whereas their nonverbal ability showed an increase in the earlier years, leveling off thereafter. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Language Acquisition, Learning Disabilities

Swanson, H. Lee – Journal of Psychology, 1978
Tests the developmental memory lag hypothesis with 22 learning disabled boys on two- and three-dimensional nonverbal tasks. Finds age-equivalent recall patterns similar to those of normal children and consistent age-related differences in nonverbal recall, thereby negating the developmental lag hypothesis. (RL)
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Developmental Stages, Disabilities, Elementary Education