Mathematical knowledge and skills are critical in the development of students. In this article, we begin to unpack the concept of mathematics disabilities and how they are presented across classrooms. We explain commonly used terms such as, specific learning disability and dyscalculia, and emphasize how students qualify for math support. We…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the concrete-representational-abstract--integrated (CRA-I) sequence on students with learning disabilities' performance when learning fraction and decimal concepts. Three elementary-level students in Grades 4 and 6 participated in a single-case multiple probe across behaviors study. The…

This single-case study investigates the effectiveness of video modeling for teaching the Look, Ask, Pick (LAP) strategy to three seventh-grade students with learning disabilities. The participants watched video segments explaining the technique to solve fraction problems. Results from the intervention revealed substantial performance improvements…

All students, including students with learning disabilities, deserve a mathematics education that successfully prepares them for their future endeavors. This preparation includes effective instruction in algebra, which is known as the gatekeeper to post-secondary schooling, employment, and constructive citizenry. However, majority of students with…

This study explores a spatial reasoning learning trajectory of a student with difficulty in mathematics. Using a teaching experiment methodology across 15 instructional sessions, we observed how the student responded to instruction based on an established 2D shape composition learning trajectory (Sarama & Clements, 2009). A narrative…

Number lines can benefit students in learning an array of mathematical concepts. An area of mathematics where number lines are visibly underused is in teaching measurement concepts. For students in upper elementary grades, accurate measurements require the use of mathematical precision and coordination, including skills in fractions and decimals,…

One of the most persistent areas of difficulty in mathematics for children with learning disabilities (LDs) and difficulties is fractions. We report the development and initial testing of an intervention designed to increase access to and advancement in conceptual understanding. Our asset-based theory of change--a tested and confirmed learning…

Mathematics problem-solving is a fundamental aspect of school mathematics that requires an integrated set of skills, such as comprehending the problems and mathematics computation. Providing useful problem-solving interventions and instructions is essential for students who are English learners (ELs) with learning disabilities or at risk for…

We explored the challenges, limitations, and potential effectiveness of a large-scale computerized working memory and numeracy intervention in the classroom with children at risk of mathematical learning disabilities (n = 428, M[subscript age] = 83.85 months, 41% female). Children were assigned to four different treatment protocols (working memory…

Mathematics-specific learning difficulties and disabilities (MLD) have received increasing attention in scholarly research. In this study, we place MLD research in its wider context of risk societies by discussing the manufacturing of MLD as "a risk." This framing of MLD builds on a certain idea of "hope" in how research could…

One challenge facing the fields of mathematics education and special education is how to design instruction on fraction concepts that can meet the needs of diverse learners. An innovation that shows promise is to base instructional design upon well-established trajectories of students' fraction learning. However, little research has been done to…

This study integrates an intersectional framework with data on 15,000 U.S. ninth graders from the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 to investigate differences in ninth-grade math course placement at the intersection of adolescents' learning disability status, race, and socioeconomic status (SES). Descriptive results support an increased…

Developing and supporting understanding of the meaning of multiplication and multiplicative relationships in students with mathematics learning disabilities requires carefully designed instruction that emphasizes strategic representation use. This article discusses three ways in which teachers can incorporate multiple representations within…

Automaticity in discrete skills is vital to developing proficiency in the higher-order abilities necessary for successful school, work, and social outcomes. Unfortunately, many students struggle with this automaticity. Strategic incremental rehearsal (SIR) is an efficient flashcard intervention that improves discrete skill acquisition. This…

Using cognitive diagnostic modeling (CDM), this study identified subtypes of mathematics learning disability (MLD) based on children's numerical skills and examined the language and spatial precursors of these subtypes. Participants were 99 MLD children and 420 low achievers identified from 1839 Finnish children (966 boys) who were followed from…