Sixteen fourth and fifth grade children with learning disabilities were given individualized spelling instruction which stressed the visual-kinesthetic-tactile modes of learning. (DB)

A review of the research indicates that Fernald's technique (VAKT) for learning to read and spell is effective in some, but not all, instances. (MKM)

Examines the effects of a tactile and kinaesthetic teaching method on the spelling performance of a special education student. Finds improved accuracy in weekly tests but modest long-term retention when tracing target words with the index finger of the dominant hand. Finds overall improved scores when tracing was combined with dictation. (KEH)