Evaluating students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds (i.e., emergent bilinguals) presents challenges to evaluation teams, as distinguishing between a language disorder and typical second language development is more complex. The skills and knowledge required to do this task often exceed the level of training that evaluators…

Effective science instruction involves opportunities for all students to do science, including engaging in the NGSS Science and Engineering Practices through inquiry-based learning. Many students with learning disabilities have the accommodation of shortened or reduced assignments in their Individualized Educational Programs to allow them equal…

The reading and writing challenges that students with learning disabilities (LD) face in academic classroom settings, such as social studies classrooms, are ever present because students are expected to read, understand, and use text-based language that they cannot access due to text-reading difficulties. Visual, performing or drama, music, and…

The investigators sought to determine whether education evaluators, mainly school psychologists, complied with federal, state, and professional practice guidelines when assessing English learning (EL) school-aged children suspected of a learning disability in three northern California school districts. In accordance with the Individuals with…

Research suggests that children suffering from different types of disorders (learning disorders, behavioral disorders, or intellectual disabilities) are sometimes evaluated differently simply due to the presence of a diagnostic label. We conducted a multilevel meta-analysis of experimental studies (based on data from 8,295 participants and on 284…

Assessment is at the core of high-quality education. When educators purposefully engage in assessment, the learning experiences and outcomes of all students, especially of students diagnosed with specific learning disabilities (SLDs), are improved. In this chapter, we discuss assessment as unfolding within a framework that includes purposes,…

Most students with disabilities in the United States receive science instruction in general education classrooms; however, little is known about the academic success for students with learning disabilities (LD) in these classes. This case study takes place in an inclusive science classroom that used an inquiry approach to learning science and…

Of the more than 6 million students with disabilities ages 6 through 21 receiving services under the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), 37.1% (more than 2 million) of students have specific learning disabilities. Given the large number of students with specific learning disabilities, it is likely that these students are attending…

Response to Intervention (RtI) is a tiered system that is designed to provide varied levels of support to students that may be at-risk for learning disabilities. These interventions are adjusted for students based on their progress and associated data. For students that are nonresponsive to interventions over time, a special education evaluation…

Students with disabilities, including those with learning disabilities (LD) experience difficulties transitioning to post-school environments. A Summary of Performance (SOP) document, provided to students with disabilities during their final year of high school, may serve as a platform for requesting access to services from post-secondary service…

We examined dynamic assessment's (DA's) added value over traditional assessments for identifying Spanish-speaking English learners' (ELs) risk for developing mathematics disabilities, as a function of the language of test administration (English vs. Spanish), type of math outcome, and EL's language dominance. At the start of first grade, ELs (N =…

Teachers often find themselves unprepared for inclusion, the practice of providing instruction and supports to students with learning disabilities and related special needs in general education classrooms. Research indicates many pre-service teachers have limited, if any, coursework to equip them with the necessary skills for inclusive classrooms.…

Educators use reading comprehension assessments to summarize academic achievement, make decisions in diagnostic evaluations, and identify intervention needs. A challenge, however, with using different assessments in practice is that student performance may change depending on which assessment is administered. This article guides educators in…

This study aims to examine the language skills of Turkish-speaking primary school students who have learning disabilities (LD) and of their peers with typical development (TD) in comparison, by assessing these skills in the context of narration. For this, a comparative descriptive research model was used in the study. The study participants…

"Numeracy for All Learners" is a wide-ranging overview of how Math Recovery® theory, pedagogy, and tools can be applied meaningfully to special education to support learners with a wide range of educational needs. It builds on the first six books in the Math Recovery series and presents knowledge, resources, and examples for teachers…