Informal Digital Learning of English (IDLE) is the result of the affordances of technology that allow learning to take place in unstructured learning contexts. However, how IDLE facilitates students' English language learning remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the strategies English as a foreign language (EFL) students employ to learn…

The article discusses the students' perceptions of the benefits and challenges of using multimodality, such as the linguistic, visual, and gestural aspects of speaking. Grounded within the framework of multimodality as a social semiotic approach (Kress et al., 2014), the study employed a qualitative case study method. Forty students of the English…