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Direct linkBard, Kim A.; Myowa-Yamakoshi, Masako; Tomonaga, Masaki; Tanaka, Masayuki; Costall, Alan; Matsuzawa, Tetsuro – Developmental Psychology, 2005
A comparative developmental framework was used to determine whether mutual gaze is unique to humans and, if not, whether common mechanisms support the development of mutual gaze in chimpanzees and humans. Mother-infant chimpanzees engaged in approximately 17 instances of mutual gaze per hour. Mutual gaze occurred in positive, nonagonistic…
Descriptors: Primatology, Nonverbal Communication, Animal Behavior, Motor Reactions
Panlilio, Leigh V.; Weiss, Stanley J. – Learning and Motivation, 2005
In earlier studies with rats, the effectiveness of the auditory element of a tone--light discriminative stimulus was enhanced when the conditioned incentive value of the compound was negative rather than positive. The present experiment systematically replicated these results in pigeons trained to press a treadle in the presence of a tone--light…
Descriptors: Learning Modalities, Stimulus Generalization, Psychological Studies, Animal Behavior
