Challenges Smolensky's theory that human intuitive/nonconscious cognitive processes can only be accurately explained in terms of subsymbolic computations in artificial neural networks. Symbolic learning models of two cognitive tasks involving nonconscious acquisition of information are presented: learning production rules and artificial finite…

This essay focuses on the process of learning, discussing television viewing and written language in terms of discursive (words) and nondiscursive (art forms) symbolism. Libraries' use of these symbolic forms is also discussed. (EJS)

This paper discusses links among the process of creativity, symbolization, and learning. The importance of symbolization in thinking, in school learning, in child development, and in the behavior of creative learners is stressed. (DB)

It is suggested that most of the things people learn are not taught; they are learned by induction. Learning and teaching theories are analyzed with a focus on the induction theory and its implications. The symbol processing carried out by computers is used as a point for comparison. (JMD)

Discussion about the nature and varieties of mathematical understanding is presented. Symbolic understanding is defined as a mutual assimilation between a symbol system and a conceptual structure, that is dominated by the conceptual structure. (MP)