Effects on learning of most principal independent variables can be generalized within, but not between, five different categories: intellectual skills, verbal information, cognitive strategies, motor skills, and attitudes. Psychological research has been and continues to be well-served by this categorization. (GC)

A theoretical analysis and a review of the uses of role playing and deception methods indicates that role playing methods are based on a more comprehensive and inclusive conceptualization of human behavior than are deception methods, and that role playing assumptions are better able to account for the empirical findings in research on the behavior…

Discusses the keyword method, which divided vocabulary learning into two stages: (1) the subject associates the spoken foreign word with the keyword, and association that is formed quickly because of the acoustic similarity between the words, and, (2) the subject forms a mental image of the keyword "interacting" with the English translation.…