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Darvas, Martin; Fadok, Jonathan P.; Palmiter, Richard D. – Learning & Memory, 2011
Two-way active avoidance (2WAA) involves learning Pavlovian (association of a sound cue with a foot shock) and instrumental (shock avoidance) contingencies. To identify regions where dopamine (DA) is involved in mediating 2WAA, we restored DA signaling in specific brain areas of dopamine-deficient (DD) mice by local reactivation of conditionally…
Descriptors: Animals, Classical Conditioning, Genetics, Biochemistry
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Urcelay, Gonzalo P.; Lipatova, Olga; Miller, Ralph R. – Learning and Motivation, 2009
Three Pavlovian fear conditioning experiments with rats as subjects explored the effect of extinction in the presence of a concurrent excitor. Our aim was to explore this particular treatment, documented in previous studies to deepen extinction, with novel control groups to shed light on the processes involved in extinction. Relative to subjects…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Classical Conditioning, Animals, Experiments
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Capaldi, E. J.; Martins, Ana P. G.; Altman, Meaghan – Learning and Motivation, 2009
arrow]US associations also survived The memories of the unconditioned stimulus (US) and its absence (No US), symbolized as S[superscript R] and S[superscript N], respectively, may be retrieved on US or No US trials giving rise to four types of associations, S[superscript R][right arrow]US, S[superscript R][right arrow]No US, S[superscript N][right…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Animal Behavior, Rewards, Experimental Psychology
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Lamoureux, Jeffrey A.; Meck, Warren H.; Williams, Christina L. – Learning & Memory, 2008
The effects of prenatal choline availability on Pavlovian conditioning were assessed in adult male rats (3-4 mo). Neither supplementation nor deprivation of prenatal choline affected the acquisition and extinction of simple Pavlovian conditioned excitation, or the acquisition and retardation of conditioned inhibition. However, prenatal choline…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Prenatal Influences, Learning Processes, Nutrition
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Best, Michael R. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 1975
The following experiments are an attempt to clarify the role of learned safety by investigating the applicability of the concept of conditioned inhibition to a taste-aversion procedure and by differentiating its effects fromthose of latent inhibition. (Author)
Descriptors: Animal Behavior, Classical Conditioning, Diagrams, Experimental Psychology
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Tinsley, Matthew R.; Quinn, Jennifer J.; Fanselow, Michael S. – Learning & Memory, 2004
Aversive conditioning is an ideal model for studying cholinergic effects on the processes of learning and memory for several reasons. First, deficits produced by selective lesions of the anatomical structures shown to be critical for Pavlovian fear conditioning and inhibitory avoidance (such as the amygdala and hippocampus) resemble those deficits…
Descriptors: Memory, Fear, Classical Conditioning, Inhibition