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Jaholkowski, Piotr; Kiryk, Anna; Jedynak, Paulina; Abdallah, Nada M. Ben; Knapska, Ewelina; Kowalczyk, Anna; Piechal, Agnieszka; Blecharz-Klin, Kamilla; Figiel, Izabela; Lioudyno, Victoria; Widy-Tyszkiewicz, Ewa; Wilczynski, Grzegorz M.; Lipp, Hans-Peter; Kaczmarek, Leszek; Filipkowski, Robert K. – Learning & Memory, 2009
The role of adult brain neurogenesis (generating new neurons) in learning and memory appears to be quite firmly established in spite of some criticism and lack of understanding of what the new neurons serve the brain for. Also, the few experiments showing that blocking adult neurogenesis causes learning deficits used irradiation and various drugs…
Descriptors: Animals, Memory, Brain, Novels
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Albrecht, Doris – Learning & Memory, 2007
It is known from studies outside the brain that upon binding to its receptor, angiotensin-(1-7) elicits the release of prostanoids and nitric oxide (NO). Cyclooxygenase (COX) is a key enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Since there are no data available so far on the role of COX-2 in the amygdala, in a first step we…
Descriptors: Stimulation, Brain, Animals, Memory
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Holahan, Matthew R.; Honegger, Kyle S.; Tabatadze, Nino; Routtenberg, Aryeh – Learning & Memory, 2007
Previous reports have shown that overexpression of the growth- and plasticity-associated protein GAP-43 improves memory. However, the relation between the levels of this protein to memory enhancement remains unknown. Here, we studied this issue in transgenic mice (G-Phos) overexpressing native, chick GAP-43. These G-Phos mice could be divided at…
Descriptors: Animals, Alzheimers Disease, Memory, Animal Behavior
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Sisti, Helene M.; Glass, Arnold L.; Shors, Tracey J. – Learning & Memory, 2007
Information that is spaced over time is better remembered than the same amount of information massed together. This phenomenon, known as the spacing effect, was explored with respect to its effect on learning and neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation. Because the cells are generated over time and because learning…
Descriptors: Time Factors (Learning), Animals, Retention (Psychology), Brain
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Weinberger, Norman M. – Learning & Memory, 2007
Historically, sensory systems have been largely ignored as potential loci of information storage in the neurobiology of learning and memory. They continued to be relegated to the role of "sensory analyzers" despite consistent findings of associatively induced enhancement of responses in primary sensory cortices to behaviorally important signal…
Descriptors: Memory, Experimental Psychology, Classical Conditioning, Brain
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Rose, Michael; Haider, Hilde; Weiller, Cornelius; Buchel, Christian – Learning & Memory, 2004
In a previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study we demonstrated an involvement of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) during an implicit learning task. We concluded that the MTL was engaged because of the complex contingencies that were implicitly learned. In addition, the basal ganglia demonstrated effects of a paralleled…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Neurological Organization, Behavioral Science Research, Memory
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James, Roger – Higher Education Review, 1976
The basis of modern learning theory is questioned in view of Popper's philosophy and the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system. (Editor)
Descriptors: Anatomy, Behavioral Science Research, Conditioning, Higher Education
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Davis, Michael; Myers, Karyn M.; Ressler, Kerry J. – Learning & Memory, 2006
Fear extinction is defined as a decline in conditioned fear responses (CRs) following nonreinforced exposure to a feared conditioned stimulus (CS). Behavioral evidence indicates that extinction is a form of inhibitory learning: Extinguished fear responses reappear with the passage of time (spontaneous recovery), a shift of context (renewal), and…
Descriptors: Fear, Epidemiology, Behavioral Science Research, Conditioning
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Lipp, Hans-Peter; Kaczmarek, Leszek; Werka, Tomasz; Knapska, Ewelina; Walasek, Grazyna; Nikolaev, Evgeni; Neuhausser-Wespy, Frieder – Learning & Memory, 2006
Understanding the function of the distinct amygdaloid nuclei in learning comprises a major challenge. In the two studies described herein, we used c-Fos immunolabeling to compare the engagement of various nuclei of the amygdala in appetitive and aversive instrumental training procedures. In the first experiment, rats that had already acquired a…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Acoustics, Laboratory Equipment, Neurological Organization
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Holscher, Christian; Schmid, Susanne; Pilz, Peter K. D.; Sansig, Gilles; van der Putten, Herman; Plappert, Claudia F. – Learning & Memory, 2005
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are known to play a role in synaptic plasticity and learning. We have previously shown that mGluR7 deletion in mice produces a selective working memory (WM) impairment, while other types of memory such as reference memory remain unaffected. Since WM has been associated with Theta activity (6-12 Hz) in…
Descriptors: Animals, Short Term Memory, Neurology, Neurological Organization