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Michelle L. Rivers; Paige E. Northern; Sarah K. Tauber – Educational Psychology Review, 2025
Prior research suggests that the effectiveness of retrieval practice may be moderated by response format: overt retrieval (e.g., typing a response) outperforms covert retrieval (e.g., mentally recalling a response) for complex materials like definitions, but both forms of retrieval are equally effective for simple materials like single words.…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Definitions, Recall (Psychology), Vocabulary
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Wixted, John T. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Slamecka and McElree (1983) and Rivera-Lares et al. (2022), like others before them, factorially manipulated the number of learning trials and the retention interval. The results revealed two unsurprising main effects: (a) the more study trials, the higher the initial degree of learning, and (b) the longer the retention interval, the more items…
Descriptors: Memory, Recall (Psychology), Retention (Psychology), Neurosciences
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Zhang, Jie; Lo, Meng-Ting; Lin, Tzu-Jung – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2023
This study investigated how word and child characteristics affect children's ability to learn the meanings of novel words. Participants were fourth- and fifth-graders representing native English speakers (NE) and bilingual learners with fluent English proficiency (FEP) and designated English Learners (EL). Students were taught the meanings of a…
Descriptors: Vocabulary Development, Grade 4, Grade 5, Elementary School Students
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Muijs, Daniel; Bokhove, Christian – Education Endowment Foundation, 2020
Metacognition and self-regulated learning (SLR) have been advocated by many and have significant support being seen as a potentially effective and low cost way of impacting learning. Fundamentally, the underlying supposition is that metacognition and SRL are important to learning, and thus raise attainment, and various studies have established…
Descriptors: Metacognition, Independent Study, Definitions, Memory
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Schwaighofer, Matthias; Bühner, Markus; Fischer, Frank – Frontline Learning Research, 2017
Executive functions are crucial for complex learning in addition to prior knowledge. In this article, we argue that executive functions can moderate the effectiveness of instructional approaches that vary with respect to the demand on these functions. In addition, we suggest that engagement in complex activity contexts rather than specific…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Learning Processes, Instructional Effectiveness, Cognitive Ability
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Dunlosky, John; Rawson, Katherine A. – Learning and Instruction, 2012
The function of accurately monitoring one's own learning is to support effective control of study that enhances learning. Although this link between monitoring accuracy and learning is intuitively plausible and is assumed by general theories of self-regulated learning, it has not received a great deal of empirical scrutiny and no study to date has…
Descriptors: Definitions, Memory, Underachievement, Metacognition
Kandel, Eric R.; Hawkins, Robert D. – Scientific American, 1992
Describes the biological basis of learning and individuality. Presents an overview of recent discoveries that suggest learning engages a simple set of rules that modify the strength of connection between neurons in the brain. The changes are cited as playing an important role in making each individual unique. (MCO)
Descriptors: Biology, Classical Conditioning, Cognitive Processes, Definitions
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Mayer, Richard E,; And Others – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1984
The effects of text-provided aids on readers' understanding of scientific passages are discussed. Two techniques are pretraining on definitions and signaling. In the experiments, subjects read a scientific passage with either definitions pretraining, signaling, both, or neither. Results indicated these techniques helped readers build mental models…
Descriptors: Definitions, Higher Education, Learning Processes, Memory
Ormrod, Jeanne Ellis; Lewis, Mark A. – 1983
The legitimacy of using the criterion of low reading achievement in the study of learning and memory skills with learning disabled children was assessed, based on a comparison of 35 nondisabled students, 15 low readers, and 10 learning disabled high school students. Learning disabilities were defined as encompassing perceptual and/or processing…
Descriptors: Classification, Comparative Analysis, Definitions, Exceptional Child Research
Interagency Committee on Learning Disabilities, Washington, DC. – 1987
The report to Congress by the Interagency Committee on Learning Disabilities, required by the Health Research Extension Act of 1985, Public Law 99-158, provides a review and assessment of Federal research priorities, activities, and findings regarding learning disabilities. Included in the report is information on (1) the number of persons…
Descriptors: Agency Cooperation, Attention Deficit Disorders, Clinical Diagnosis, Definitions