Visual and auditory verbal learning using a selective reminding format was studied in a mixed clinical sample of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (n = 42), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (n = 83), velocardiofacial syndrome (n = 17) and neurotypicals (n = 38) using the Test of Memory and Learning to (1) more thoroughly…

Not all children are made the same. Learning disabilities like dyslexia, dysgraphia or dyscalculia are either not understood or ignored in schools. As a result, the schoolchildren suffer for no fault of theirs and they lag behind in their course of learning. They may find it difficult to achieve the basic skills of learning such as reading,…

In two experiments 36 elementary and junior high learning-disabled (LD) students were taught attributes of minerals via mnemonic instruction, free study, or a visual-spatial display condition. In both experiments, students learned significantly more information in the mnemonic condition, and students in the visual-spatial condition did not…

Two experiments tested possible explanations for previous research demonstrating lower span of apprehension for learning disabled students. In experiment 1, the length of visual persistence was less for LD subjects, while in experiment 2, the rate of information pick-up was slower for LD subjects. (CL)

Following pretraining on three figures, 44 nonhandicapped preschoolers were assigned to experimental groups to investigate methods of integrating a new, similar symbol into a set of familiar symbols to approximate the difficult disciminations encountered by young children in school. (Author)

Scores on the Picture Arrangement subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised of 41 eight-year-olds referred for academic learning difficulties were analyzed. Results suggested that visual sequencing skills and language development skills are necessary prerequisites for reading and spelling. (CL)

Offers three reasons as to why some children encounter difficulty with educational activities involving vision: (1) inability to perceive and hold detail in mind, (2) lack of time given to accomplish task, and (3) introducing too many activities at one time. (MG)

Two learning strategies--visual imagery and self-questioning--designed to increase reading comprehension were taught to six learning disabled secondary students. Results indicate that LD students can learn the two strategies and can apply them in both reading ability level and grade level materials. Use of the strategies resulted in greater…

Results indicated a significant difference between the 18 normal readers and the 36 learning-disabled readers on tasks matching auditory temporal to visual-spatial and auditory-temporal to visual-temporal but not on the visual-temporal to visual-spatial task. Results were interpreted in terms of learning-disabled readers being deficient in…

The hypothesis that reading difficulty of learning disabled (LD) children is attributable to deficiencies in verbal encoding was investigated with 60 LD and normal children (mean CA=9.1, mean IQ=103.5). Ss were compared on recall of a serial short-term memory task after pre-training of named and unnamed stimulus conditions. Data suggested that…

The effects of visual and auditory process training on reading achievement were explored with 24 learning disabled elementary age students assigned to three treatment groups (auditory training and reading group, visual training and reading group, and reading only group). (Author/PHR)

The article reviews 22 studies concerned with learning disabled children under 10 years old in which there was a clear attempt to compare auditory and visual modality preferenes to visual and/or auditory methods of teaching words or other written verbal symbols. (PHR)

Tasks involved in paired associate learning (attention, perceptual learning, visual and auditory memory, response learning, and stimulus-response connections) are identified as some of the same skills and strategies involved in learning to read. Two studies on visual memory, the developmental lag hypothesis, and reading ability are examined to…