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Dunlop, Francis – British Journal of Educational Studies, 1977
Analyzes the process of learning--both intentional and non-intentional--and concludes that the view that learning is learning only if it is formal and intentional is false. (RK)
Descriptors: Incidental Learning, Intentional Learning, Learning Experience, Learning Processes
Marx, Melvin H. – 1971
The main purpose of the research was to make a comparative study of: (1) trial-and-error learning, in which a subject performs and is provided with knowledge of results; and (2) observational learning, in which a subject either observes the performance of another subject or is otherwise provided with equivalent information as to the correctness…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, College Students, Elementary School Students, Intentional Learning
McMullen, David W. – 1977
Until the rise of cognitive psychology, models of the teaching-learning process (TLP) stressed external rather than internal variables. Models remained general descriptions until control theory introduced explicit system analyses. Cybernetic models emphasize feedback and adaptivity but give little attention to creativity. Research on artificial…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Creativity Research, Educational Psychology, Educational Research