The present article discusses the possibility that behavioral recovery following brain damage is not dependent on the functional reorganization of neural tissue but is rather the result of the continued normal operation of spared neural mechanisms. (Editor)

This study is concerned with the transfer of learned helplessness from one aversive motivator, shock, to another, frustration. (Author)

If animals receive inescapable electric shocks, their subsequent avoidance-escape learning is poor. This phenomenon, which can be called "the interference effect", was studied in four experiments. (Editor)

The following experiments are an attempt to clarify the role of learned safety by investigating the applicability of the concept of conditioned inhibition to a taste-aversion procedure and by differentiating its effects fromthose of latent inhibition. (Author)

The learning of backward associations by pigeons during training of forward associations was studied in three experiments using a symbolic matching task. The data are contrasted with the strong evidence of learning of backward associations by humans. (Editor/RK)

In four different experiments, brief illumination of a localized visual stimulus was followed by grain presentation unless the pigeon approached the light. Results indicate that although response-reinforcer relations do play a role, stimulus-reinforcer contingencies are the dominant factor in establishing and maintaining approaches to the…

An analysis of two paradigms suggests that predictions in regard to the effects of stimulus preexposure must take into account not only the novelty of the stimulus, but the relationship of that novelty to that of the environment at the time of testing. (Editor/RK)

Analyzes the temporal features of the transient unconditioned stimulus preexposure effect observed by Cannon (EJ 123 672) and attempts to determine whether a preconditioned stimulus toxin presentation can both condition a backward taste aversion and interfere with the development of a forward aversion. (Author/RK)

Comments on Gauvain's discussion, in this issue, of the development of thinking from a sociocultural perspective, expanding her analysis by comparing research on apes who have developed in natural habitats with apes raised by humans in something resembling a human culture. Argues that the study of nonhuman primates can contribute to the emerging…

A series of 13 experiments employing mice systematically investigated shock-elicited activity in a circular field and escape performance in a shuttle box following exposure to either escapable or inescapable shock. Results show that escape interference induced by inescapable shock may be comfortably interpreted in terms of a decreased tendency for…