Purpose: Highly developed and agile learners who can clearly convey and call on their skills are sought in all walks of life. Diverse demand for these capacities has called attention to how the skills and knowledge gained during doctoral study can be conveyed, translated and leveraged in non-academic settings; however, the complex learning reality…

The English language is a catalyst for economic growth, modernization, and globalization. In this milieu, English language competency--defined as the practical ability to use English effectively in diverse contexts, encompassing linguistic, cognitive, and intercultural skills--is recognized as an essential skill (Amor et al., 2023). Research on…

The motivation to learn a third language (L3) has received increasing attention in research, especially with regard to how it evolves dynamically during the learning process. Underpinned by the L2 Motivational Self System [Dörnyei, Z. 2005. "The Psychology of the Language Learner: Individual Differences in Second Language Acquisition."…

The pressures inherent in trying to be perfect can undermine learning and exacerbate anxiety in certain students. In the current article, we review existing research and theory on the role of perfectionism in language learning anxiety and performance deficits. Our analysis highlights the complexities inherent in the perfectionism construct,…

Errors bear the potential to improve knowledge acquisition, provided that learners are able to deal with them in an adaptive and reflexive manner. However, learners experience a host of different--often impeding or maladaptive--emotional and motivational states in the face of academic errors. Research has made few attempts to develop a theory that…

In this article, the authors make an attempt to operationalize the notion of "identity" to justify the claim about its potential as an analytic tool for investigating learning. They define identity as a set of reifying, significant, endorsable stories about a person. These stories, even if individually told, are products of a collective…

The author expands on the false assumptions implied in the title and shows how they are in error. (AG)

A brief history of the philosophy and development of diagnostic-prescriptive teaching for the child with learning problems is presented. Individual differences in children are identified in the following six major areas: (1) pattern of growth, maturity level, health and energy, physical handicaps and limitations; (2) love relationships with family…

The history of motivational research in education is traced through the "Encyclopedia of Educational Research." Major trends are documented, including (1) the drive concept; (2) the motivation-learning distinction; (3) individual differences; and (4) the emergence of cognitive concerns and the self. Current and future trends are…

The authors discuss the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains of learning typewriting, student attitudes toward learning, their self-concept, and teacher attitudes toward student learning ability, with learning conditions and motivation techniques for effective typewriting instruction. (MF)

One of three guides for teachers developed by the AIR Career Education Curriculum Development Project, the manual is designed to assist primary grade teachers in introducing career education into their classrooms. Part 1 presents the philosophy of career education and an overview of how it fits into the total curricular program for grades K-9. The…

One of three guides for teachers developed by the AIR Career Education Curriculum Development Project, the manual is designed to assist upper elementary grade teachers (grades 4-6) in introducing career education into their classrooms. Part 1 presents the philosophy of career education and an overview of how it fits into the total curricular…

One of three guides for teachers developed by the AIR Career Education Curriculum Development Project, the manual is designed to assist middle school teachers (grades 7-9) in introducing career education into their classrooms. Part 1 presents the philosophy of career education and an overview of how it fits into the total curriculum program for…