Nine stages in the validation of a learning hierarchy are described. The stages are an amendment to previous methods of validation. Gagne's postulate that generalized intellectual skills are learned hierarchially while specific individual facts, termed verbalized knowledge, are not supported. (Author/RC)

Eleven students of novice paddling ability were divided into two groups, one group receiving verbal, the other nonverbal, instructions on using the kayak stern rudder. The verbal group was significantly better at performing the correct sequence of movements. Results support existing research showing that observation alone does not enable the…