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Direct linkSchuler, Anne; Scheiter, Katharina; Rummer, Ralf; Gerjets, Peter – Learning and Instruction, 2012
The study examined whether the modality effect is caused by either high visuo-spatial load or a lack of temporal contiguity when processing written text and pictures. Students (N = 147) viewed pictures on the development of tornados, which were accompanied by either spoken or written explanations presented simultaneously with, before, or after the…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Recall (Psychology), Multimedia Instruction, Learning Modalities
Download full textFurukawa, James M.; And Others – 1975
The effect of three levels of short-term memory (STM) and four learning modes (control, chunking organizational strategy, programmed instruction, and adjunct questions) on prose learning and recall was studied. The participants in this study were educational psychology students at Towson State College in Maryland. Significant STM and learning mode…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, College Students, Educational Research, Higher Education
