In two experiments a total of 662 high school students read a prose passage, took a verbatim or paraphrase quiz, and a week later completed a verbatim or paraphrase delayed test. Taking a quiz significantly enhanced performance on the delayed test. Performance was consistently much higher on the verbatim than on the paraphrase forms of quizzes and…

This paper identifies and describes three distinct variables on which prose passages can differ, from a linguistic point of view. Each of these variables relates to the way in which the content of prose is organized to convey meaning to the reader. The first variable is the position of information in a structure representing a passage's…

This study investigated relationships between open education and curiosity behavior of students enrolled in different types of school programs. The Non Verbal Curiosity Test (designed and validated for the study) was used to measure subjects' curiosity, since it considers quantitative and qualitative aspects of curiosity behavior. Subjects (N=237)…

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the development of evaluative and taxonomic encoding in children's memory. The task used was a modification of the Wickens short-term memory task in which subjects' recall of words is tested following a distraction task. The first experiment found that 11-year-old children, but not 8-year-old children,…

This study investigated the Zajonc-Cottrell theoretical conflict pertaining to drive by testing children during early learning on a gross motor task, with the audience effect paradigm of social facilitation. Two hundred forty youngsters served as subjects. They were selected randomly from both sexes and equally from a large preschool and public…

This book provides an introduction to psycholinguistics, and applies linguistic knowledge to early childhood learning. The chapters that comprise the book are as follows: I. The Elements of Language; II. Language and Situation; III. The Acquisition of Language; IV. Language and Reality; V. The Language Environment; VI. Capabilities in Language;…

The present study asked whether laboratory findings that isolation of an item facilitates its recall extended to formal educational settings. Four groups of students from a General Psychology class were differentiated in terms of the type of material which was isolated in assigned readings. Principles, examples of principles, or trivial statements…

In the serial position memory task, a series of stimulus cards are placed face down in a row in front of the subject. A card identical to the stimulus card is then shown to the subject, who is required to indicate the position of this card in the stimulus array. The present three studies investigated the possibility that the labeling effect found…

The Sampling Organization and Recall Through Strategies (SORTS) test was administered to 87 educable mentally retarded (EMR) children (mean chronological age, 97 months; mean IQ, 70) and 31 nonretarded (NR) second grade children to determine Ss' characteristic grouping responses, the effects of various organizational strategies on recall and…

The purpose of early learning centers and the home as the child's first center for learning are discussed. The center for early learning is a place for creative expression, of close human relationships, a place for fostering health, emotional and social development, as well as intellectual development, but the base of action is the child.…

This study analyzed the relationship between the kinds of questions asked during a microteaching session and the achievement of students subsequently taught under classroom-like conditions. Teachers taught the same topics in microteaching; each taught a 2-week course 6 weeks later. Each question asked was classified in one of eight categories. The…

The research program described in this paper is an attempt to apply the integrated fundamental research efforts of the Center to a specific area of the elementary school curriculum, environmental education. The goals of the research program are to provide: (1) new knowledge about the interrelation of process, learning variables, and individual…

This supplementary report was designed to aid the researcher concerned with concept learning. It contains: (1) rationale and strategy for compiling a bibliography of articles concerned with concept learning; (2) a definition of the world "concept"; (3) a system for classifying articles by their content; (4) a bibliography of relevant articles…

The concern of the experiment is to find out the roles of abstraction and generalization in the learning of mathematical structures. The basic question is whether to generalize before abstracting or vice-versa in order to maximize transfer. The experiment involves four mathematical tasks and a transfer of activity. Experimental procedures are…

This paper explores two aspects of student evaluations of college teaching: (1) a reformulation of end-of-term ratings, by defining them in relation to initial student expectations; and (2) it presents a research design which studies this reformulation in the natural setting of the classroom. An expectations instrument, using semantic differential…