In order to determine the magnitude and nature of relationships among selected measures of cognitive styles, abilities, and aptitudes, 24 tests were administered to 201 Navy recruits. The resultant data demonstrate that cognitive styles are relatively independent of abilities and aptitudes. Although styles were significantly related to abilities…

This research is part of a series of studies, in which the long term objective is to use computer-assisted instruction (CAI) to teach students how to solve nonroutine problems, i.e., problems in which the problem solvers must generate their own strategies. The subjects were 93 first and third graders who tried to solve a novel reasoning problem on…

The studies summarized in this report on instructional theory and computer based tutorial systems were directed at two aspects of the study of learning and instruction: the theoretical understanding of human memory and the development of intelligent interactive computer systems for instruction. Two major computer-based tutorial systems developed…

This report contains an analysis of the mechanisms that connect teaching processes to student achievement and the circumstances contributing to the establishment of treatment conditions in classrooms. The first section is focused on the way in which academic tasks operating in a classroom influence the quality of student learning. The second…

Responding to a widely expressed discontent about college teaching shared by students, faculty and administrators, representatives of national professional and higher educational associations formed a committee to study means of revitalizing and reorienting the instruction. In his Introduction, Russell M. Cooper notes the impossibility of…

The purpose of this study was to determine if children's performance in solving verbally stated arithmetic problems varied when word clues were included or omitted. The sample consisted of 382 fifth-grade children enrolled in four schools of one school system. Twelve sets of problems were so constructed that each set contained two similar problem…

The project gathered data on a number of experiments using a variety of tasks. The purpose was to show that there are conditions relevant to the differential composition o f a task and other conditions which are irrelevant. Invariances in level, slope, and regularing of pattern of intertrial correlations were found for cranking, a repetitive work…

The lack of tested models of the instructional process is the prime hindrance to significant management science in educational research. The nature of education, with long timelags between ultimate performance and present activity, makes the modeling most difficult. This paper reports on one of several efforts which have been made to develop…

Designed as additional materials for study by Air Force academic instructor resident trainees, these chapters review retention, transfer of learning, and other elements and principles of learning; steps in preparing effective instructional materials, together with criteria for self-appraisal; the setting of desired learning outcomes, selection of…

Elementary school teachers chosen for their effectiveness in consistently producing achievement gains in their pupils were observed to determine how difficult a teacher's questions should be for students to learn the maximum amount of material. The collected data, correlated with residualized student achievement gain scores (averaged over four…

The present study investigated the effects of repetitions and questions (without feedback) at varying lags during self-paced learning from text. High school students read a series of unrelated paragraphs, each of which was repeated or tested after a variable lag. In a mixed condition, texts and repetitions of particular sentences were combined…

Some 120 undergraduate students participated in experiments to learn how novice computer programers learn to interact with the computer. Two instructional booklets were used: A "rule" booklet consisted of definitions and examples of seven modified FORTRAN statements and appropriate grammar rules; the "model" booklet was…

This study compared two learning structures for an introductory course in tests and measurements in terms of their relative effects on attitudes and achievement. The first structure represented a functionally arranged instructional sequence (FAIS). The second represented a psychologically arranged instructional sequence (PAIS). The instructional…

This book is designed to aid instructors or potential instructors in presenting information in an inservice training session so that it will be meaningful to all concerned. The book contains general information on the learning process, motivation of the student, methods of instruction, and physical facilities, and training aids, as well as control…

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of reader generated questions while studying textbook-type material. One hundred and eight college students were assigned to one of the following treatment conditions: experimenter presented questions before reading, reader generated questions before reading, experimenter presented questions…