Results of a choice reaction time study indicated that nine mildly retarded junior high students appeared to be less sensitive than nonretarded controls to stimulus probabiity information, particularly under degraded stimulus conditions. (Author)

Young adults' rehearsal was serially and categorically organized. Older adults' rehearsal was nonstrategic. Results show that direct strategy measures provide more information about processes underlying age differences in memory than do outcome measures alone. (Author)

The problem-solving performance of elderly individuals was facilitated by manipulating the demands of problem-solving tasks. The fact that elderly individuals can use more efficient strategies under certain circumstances suggests that the elderly have such strategies in their repertoires. (Author)

The lack of a documented science of technology of education is discussed and new research approaches gaining credibility and pointing to a more positive direction for scientific inquiry are outlined. (JMF)

The purpose of the study was to determine the combined effect of six low-inference variables of teacher clarity on student achievement. Main effects for teacher clarity and for time of achievement (immediate v delayed) were significant. There was no effect of teacher clarity on student retention (Author/RD)

Two experiments were designed to determine the effects of multiple-choice recognition test alternatives on subsequent memory for the correct answers. Results of both experiments are interpreted as demonstrations of the principle that long-term retention is facilitated such that memory evaluation occurs during initial recognition tests. (Author/RD)

In a study of seventh graders playing concept and skill games in mathematics, it was found that grouping students according to prior achievement did not make a major difference in their learning. (JD)

The reliability of the four-factor model of the survey of study habits and attitudes (SSHA) was investigated. The reliabilities of the scales were marginal as measured by coefficient alpha. The hierarchical model of the SSHA was not supported by confirmatory factor analysis. (Author/BW)

Strategies for sentence comprehension by a group of 18 severely retarded children were compared to those of a group of nonretarded children matched on mental age. Among the results was the finding that the retarded children tended to rely more on semantic expectations than did the nonretarded children. (PHR)

Seven key generalizations based on research findings from the study of children's language offer specific implications for classroom instruction and for instructional policy formulation and decision making. (Author/MLF)

Reber found that subjects given neutral instructions to memorize letter strings from a synthetic language learned more about the underlying grammar than those instructed to try discovering the rules for letter order. Two experiments explored the relationship between implicit and explicit processes in the acquisition of complex knowledge.…

Literature on academic environments, especially the department, is reviewed. Differences between teaching and learning environments are examined for the social and natural sciences, and the interaction of discipline, personal styles of faculty and students, and faculty-student relationships are examined as primary variables. (MSE)

Changes in information processing during child, adolescent, and adult development affect motor performance. Several of the memory processes that change with development produce increased performance, processing speed, and control processes. (CJ)

Examines current research on the role of television in children's learning. Assesses evidence that television can play a positive teaching role and suggests a model for evaluating television's impact on viewers. Concludes that current programing limits the positive effects of television on children's learning. (JMF)

This paper presents a scheme for classifying learning tasks, a scale built from that scheme, and data obtained from utilizing the scale with secondary students in various subject areas. (Author/SJL)