Discusses a theoretical framework that draws together previous research on the role of the educator in children's learning. Urges teachers to create classroom "communities" in which children have some control over their learning environment and interact with teachers and peers to carry out legitimate personal and social tasks. (HTH)

Argues that social interaction with peers is a necessary part of children's internal structuring of spelling. Describes briefly two classroom experiments in which children responded to each other's invented spellings. (HTH)

The research on effective learning is reviewed in order to illustrate changes in how learning processes are understood. Using this research, the cognitive functions of effective learners are described and the implications for the characteristics, and functions of effective learning training programs are discussed. (Author/MLW)

Examines one type of literacy event in a second-grade classroom--free writing--and, especially, its sharing time phase. (FL)

Reviews learning style research and concludes that five elements contribute to each students' instructional environment--sound, light, temperature, design, and need for mobility. Argues that when those elements are strong preferences it is very difficult for students to overcome them. (FL)

This article is intended to give a critical evaluation of the "learning test methodology," with special regard to diagnosis and optimization of learning processes. The learning test concept is based on the "pretest--educational training intervention--posttest" approach. (PN)

An extremely unpleasant film was shown to one group of students, while another group served as controls. Results suggest that, under conditions of stressful emotional arousal, learning outcomes are influenced predominantly by the combined effects of personality traits, motivational dynamics, and emotional states, which outweigh the influence of…

Using electromyography (EMG), researchers studied changes in the control of biceps and triceps brachii muscles that occurred as women college students learned two elbow flexion tasks. Data on EMG activity, angular kinematics, training, and angular displacement were analyzed. (Author/PP)

A comment from the author on the design and validity of the research concerning the use of teaching methods on children's progress and achievement in primary schools is discussed. (Editor/RK)

In a critical examination of competency-based teacher education, the author suggests that it should be placed in a wider framework recognizing that the learning process includes conceptual and perceptual thinking and subjective individual values and purposes. (JD)

To reverse the general decline in school performance, educationists must restructure learning experiences to balance the present fragmented and specialized linear processes with the sensory/spatial processes, so that an educational system commensurate with the neutral balance of both cerebral hemispheres might emerge. (MB)

The purpose of this paper is to show that the sex-role learning by the black male child is very much influenced by the institution of slavery and post-slavery conditions, arguing that blacks have been conditioned since slavery to hide their feelings so as to avoid punishment, so that their actions many times are not reflective of the whole person.…

Author sees a bleak future for the under-fives in the wake of cuts in the nursery programme. (Editor/RK)

Generalization of articulation instruction was examined with three children (5- and 6-years-old) who were taught by their mothers at home and tested periodically at a speech clinic. (Author/IM)