This exploratory study was designed to introduce hypertext as a component of classroom instruction in a situation similar to that which might prevail in a public school setting. Linear and non-linear treatments of the same text were employed as an information source for a supplemental learning task prescribed by a teacher as part of classroom…

This paper discusses a mental model of learning based on the processes of attention, perception, processing, and application. The learning process starts with attention, such as curiosity, excitement, expectation, or fear; in pedagogy this is called motivation. New impressions are dependent on and interpreted against the background of previous…

In teaching a well-organized college physics course that is understandable to students, teachers should first understand students' conditions and circumstances and be clear on the goals of the course. The goals of physics teaching are commonly defined as understanding the nature of scientific reasoning and the concepts and methods of physics,…

This publication is part of a series of monographs on the art of teaching. Each volume, focusing on a specific discipline, explores theory in the context of teaching strategies Three techniques for using the series: dialogues (as self-evaluation and in study groups), shop talk (review of current professional literature), and teacher-to-teacher…

In the Education Commission Report #4 of Hong Kong, three dimensions of learning are noted: cognitive, interpersonal, and aesthetic. In most Hong Kong schools, teaching focuses on the cognitive dimension and to some extent on the interpersonal. The aesthetic dimension is largely ignored, except for the ubiquitous class reader and a handful of…

Teachers know that these metaphors affect the teaching of composition: the banking concept of knowledge, student ownership of writing, and writing as risk-taking. However, these metaphors explain more to teachers and less to students who are writers. When teachers speak of the writing process in such terms as mapping, voicing, and brainstorming,…

A study examined what children learn in their transition from home life to the world of school and how they learn it. Subjects were students enrolled in pre-kindergarten and kindergarten classes at 10 public schools in Baltimore, Maryland, their teachers, and their families. A total of 42 families, each with a 4-year-old child enrolled in…

This review critiques the use of Lev Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD) in quantitative research that focuses on the role communication plays in learning. A study that makes claims in terms of the ZPD should include a pretest, a problem-solving activity, and a posttest. Without these minimal elements, researchers are not…

A study examined one first-grade teacher's use of inquiry pedagogy to maximize literacy learning and teaching in her classroom. The setting for the study was a classroom in the Cleveland, Ohio, School District. In this classroom literacy events build upon students' prior knowledge and experience gleaned from their lives outside the classroom and…

This book aims to reorient thinking about how younger adolescents and their teachers, talking together, compose shared understandings that contribute to individual students' learning. Presenting a new conceptual framework that was derived from a study, the book argues that people learn not merely by being spoken (or written) to, but by…

Recent approaches in the study of learning describe it as an interactive process. Learning is seen to take place in the participation framework, between the person and his or her environment, rather than in the individual mind. This study examined the construction and development of expertise as a situational and contextual process, with the…

This study explored the conditions under which learning goals might be more effective than performance goals in raising achievement outcomes. Following a pretest, 40 fourth-grade students received instruction and practice on fractions operations. Half of the students were provided with the goal of learning how to solve problems (learning goal);…

The Fellowship of the Scottish Council for Research in Education (SCRE) recognizes educational researchers whose work has made an outstanding contribution to research, practice, or policy. The first part of this book is the Conferment of the SCRE Fellowship by Professor Gordon Kirk, chairman of SCRE. The second and third parts are the 1992 SCRE…

With the exception of a few key writers, counselors largely ignore the benefits that Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Cognitive Psychology (CP) can bring to counseling. It is demonstrated that AI and CP can be integrated into the counseling literature. How AI and CP can offer new perspectives on information processing, cognition, and helping is…

The educational activities using school telecommunications that are detailed in this document emanate from two participants in the EduTex Project, which has been carried out for almost four years by the Institut Romand de Recherches et de Documentation Pedagogiques (IRDP) at the mandatory schooling level. For several years these two teachers have…