The two primary purposes of this book are to extend information about children's language learning and to look at existing notions of how children acquire language by considering what is meant by linguistic competence. The introductory chapter presents an account of two approaches to the study of language acquisition and outlines the author's…

To determine the effects of instruction and practice in a self-instructional program that had previously proven to be effective, 52 undergraduates were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups. One received the entire instructional program, the second received only instructional cues and examples, the third only the practice portion, and…

The validity of certain standardized tests may be affected by the short-term memory load therein and its relation to a child's short-term memory capacity. Factors of testing which increase a test's memory load and consequently interfere with comprehension are discussed. It is hypothesized that a test which strains the short-term memory capacity of…

An overview of language instruction on the national level and specifically in Nevada during the late 1950's and the early 1960's reveals five major factors which contributed to the changing trends. The author discusses: (1) the new understanding of the nature of language, (2) changing philosophies and objectives, (3) modern foreign language and…

The COPED project linked behavioral scientists and educators in various geographical regions to school systems in the same regions for the purpose of planning and promoting change, understanding the processes by which change occurs, and evaluating types of change efforts. The enterprise evolved into four major strands: (1) the conceptual effort,…

This study examined effects of inference quizzes on inferential thinking. A total of 213 grade 8 history students were randomly assigned to treatments within classrooms. Group R took eight weekly quizzes requiring recall of stated facts. Group I took 8 quizzes requiring students to draw inferences about interest groups. Teachers had no knowledge…

Four experiments (involving a total of 158 children) demonstrated observationally-induced learning effects on multidimensional conservation tasks using brief, single session training. First grade samples of middle class Anglo-American, and economically disadvantaged Mexican-American children displayed gains in vicariously-induced conservation as…

This paper examines the relationship of educational goals to some fundamental beliefs. Four research findings judged as well-substantiated but not yet having full effect on educational thinking were considered: (1) The breadth and magnitude of human capacities and resources far exceed present levels of actualization within persons or societies;…

Intended to introduce teachers to the concept approach in teaching social studies materials, the five chapters of this publication discuss (1) a definition of "concept" and the term's relationship to facts and generalizations, (2) the function of concepts in the social sciences, (3) how concepts develop, (4) how concepts are related to inquiry and…

The report of the Fourth Biennial Management Instructors' Seminar (July 21-26, 1968) which deals with the improvement of management education in the Army, contains presentations of guest speakers and reports of seminar workshops. The former presents the components of management -- planning, decision-making, productivity, communication, and…

An analysis of the relationship of language to learning, particularly as it affects "avoidance behaviors" of remedial readers in the classroom, strongly emphasized the importance of greater stress on oral language development. New concern for cognitive and personality development in children stresses the role of language as an interaction medium…

Summarized are proceedings of a 3-day institute for educational researchers and special education teachers which was designed to disseminate knowledge about recent research findings on tbe development and learning processes of young children, to facilitate the process of translating research findings into educational implications, to disseminate…

This paper presents the conceptual basis for a research study of thirty-seven societies to investigate the educational function of initiation ceremonies and secret societies. "Hidden curriculum" is the term chosen for the precepts passed on within certain cultural institutions of a society. The author hypothesizes that in a tribal society, the…

The generalization of "trained" creativity in easel painting to untrained creativity in blockbuilding was examined in two preschool boys. Verbal reinforcement of every different form painted in a picture increased both the number of different forms per picture and new forms (those appearing for the first time in the total output of…

This paper presents a summary of behavior concepts that together provide the outline of a possible developmental theory of prosocial motivation. These concepts, based on human role-taking capacities, include empathic distress, sympathetic distress, personal guilt, and existential guild. At first, a child cannot discriminate between himself and…