Briefly discusses factors involved in conceptualizing teaching and learning as linguistic processes, providing an overview of methodological approaches emerging in the literature and presenting selective findings on the nature of teaching and learning processes from both teachers' and students' perspectives. (MP)

Three-phased learning cycles (exploration, invention, application) were introduced into general chemistry laboratories at Northland College (Wisconsin). Discusses each phase and its use in a learning cycle on the functional groups of organic compounds. (JN)

Nine author contributed chapters present the state of the art knowledge on the reading process and reading instruction as applied to the hearing-impaired population. (SW)

Evaluates an axiomatic approach to subject matter structuring in an undergraduate computer course in Italy. A comparison of structured and non-structured courses shows that the structured approach improves the learning process. (Author/JJD)

Three procedures for teaching rules to primary students were investigated: (1) rule saying; (2) rule saying plus training in associated concepts; and (3) both of the above plus strategy training in rule applications. Students receiving all three procedures scored higher on transfer measures. (Authors/PP)

Examines four methods of instruction to teach public speaking students how to use visual aids effectively in their speeches: oral lectures, written handouts, demonstration lectures, and multi-media demonstration lectures. Found that demonstration lectures are the most effective method of instruction and written handouts the least effective. (PD)

This article presents a discussion of the political socialization literature and findings from two English studies on the child's developing concept of leadership. Findings challenge the concept of democracy in school systems where all authority relations are based upon "constraint." (Author/SJL)

Assessed counselor trainees' problem solving skills before and after participation in two training programs. Results provide evidence that trainees learning core conditions, and a nondirective interview style show equal problem-solving effectiveness compared to counselors trained in a directive style. (Author/JAC)

A multi-session training approach attempted to teach mildly retarded adolescents to discover and utilize categorical list structure. Recall transfer with new word lists was demonstrated. Differences in use of categorization strategies by normal and retarded adolescents were interpreted in terms of the automatic controlled processing distinction.…

The retention of the conditioned response was tested in a retroactive interference paradigm. Results suggested that what is learned by children in simple conditioning paradigms is different than what is learned by adults in the same paradigms. (Author/PN)

Continues an earlier paper which dealt with the basic concepts concerning the learning process that should be used as a starting point for the instructional design process. Instructional decisions that should be taken at the macro design level are discussed. Twenty-five references are listed. (LLS)

Presents the background, methods, and findings of a study contrasting the levels of cognitive development of community college and university students. Reveals that 48% of both student groups tested were incapable of performing at the formal-operational level (as described in Piaget's Cognitive Development Model). Discusses implications for…

Research on memory performance in children, the elderly, and individuals under stress is integrated with research on memory performance in college students. Assumptions include: (1) variation in attentional capacity within and between individuals, and (2) encoding operations vary in attentional requirements. Most of the data support the framework.…

Designed to determine whether (1) children of middle socioeconomic status (SES) learn matrix completion rules more rapidly than lower-SES children; (2) feedback influences rate of rule acquisition; (3) rule shifting influences rate of rule acquisition; (4) SES is associated with transfer of training; and (5) effectiveness of rule acquisition and…

Results of two experiments minimizing verbal encoding and response demands indicate that when the ceiling effects in no-mask target recognition are removed, the visual information processing rates for children and adults can be considered equivalent. (Author/RH)