This report discusses the cognitive-skills approach to teaching. This approach makes explicit the mental activities engaged in by successful thinkers as they solve problems and master ideas, and it attempts to teach these "high aptitude" thinking activities to "low-aptitude" students. The report begins by illustrating and contrasting high- and…

This work provides a forum for the presentation of current, noteworthy studies conducted within the various domains of the field of communication. It includes topical disciplinary reviews and commentaries, state-of-the-art overviews of subdivisions within the field, and research reports selected to represent the interest areas within…

Research on 128 children is presented as evidence of the superiority of a new clustering measure (X) over a more traditional "chance clustering" measure (sigma) as a means of organizing material to be learned to facilitate recall. X is shown to meet three criteria for a measure of a developmental process: X is more highly correlated with recall…

This document addresses the problem faced by stress management programs in their attempts to increase self-awareness of stress response patterns and sources of stress. Drawbacks to the techniques of daily diaries and stress logs are noted and the use of computer-analyzed stress episode cards as a self-awareness feedback technique is explained. The…

A review of the literature on the influence of testing on learning and retention reveals the need for more comprehensive research findings in this regard. This study was designed to investigate further the direct effects of tests in contrast with no tests on learning and retention in ongoing college-level classes with both the instructor and the…

The research reported in this paper explores the syntactical and semantic link between computer programming statements and logical principles, and addresses the effects of learning a programming language on logical reasoning ability. Fifth grade students in a public school in Syracuse, New York, were randomly selected as subjects, and then…

This publication was prepared as a sourcebook to assist Manitoba kindergarten through fourth grade teachers in providing young children with a rich and stimulating environment which promotes the children's growth and learning. The document provides information about the characteristics and needs of children throughout the period of early…

An innovative approach to teaching learning theory to undergraduates was tested by comparing a modified Personalized System of Instruction (PSI) group process class (n=19) to a traditional teacher-centered control class (n=32). Predictions were that academic performance and motivation would be improved by the PSI method, and student satisfaction…

Thirty-eight bidialectical rural Hawaiian children participated in a study to determine if they would display clustering in a cued recall task and to explore the possible influence of dialect usage on recall performance. For purposes of the study, "clustering" was defined as the ability of subjects to recall list items by category…

A deductive-inductive sequence of writing instruction, in which students are instructed systematically before they begin to write, would help students learn to write well. Educators who propose a trial and error pattern ignore the facts that those learning to write do not have unlimited time in which to learn and are not dealing with an inherent…

To determine why some children find textbooks to be much more difficult to understand than teachers' presentations, four reading selections for middle grade readers were analyzed, as were tape recorded lessons prepared by ten teachers on the basis of the same selections. Excerpts from one of the written passages and excerpts and analysis of one…

This paper analyses new methods of teaching skiing in terms of a computational paradigm for learning called increasingly complex microworlds (ICM). Examining the factors that underlie the dramatic enhancement of the learning of skiing led to the focus on the processes of simplification, debugging, and coaching. These three processes are studied in…

The ways in which a physical education program for elementary school children of all ability levels may be developed are examined. Central to this subject is knowledgeable and systematic observation of each child's physical movements on the part of the teacher. The physical educator must develop skills of the mechanics of human movement to…

The instructional materials described here are designed for teachers and administrators who are interested in establishing an individually guided educational program at the elementary school level. The topics addressed are individualized instruction and methods of planning and implementing such a program. The goal of the program is to develop…

Attitudes and attitude measurement are critical components of teaching and learning and the instructional developer should collect as much relevant data about that process as possible. It is important for instructional developers to study the attitudes of learners in order to demonstrate attitude/achievement relationships, promote attitudinal…