Three broad categories are cited that describe the nature of a college or university as an organization and that potentially influence an institutions academic outcomes. These categories are: the college's formal organizational characteristics, structures, processes, and practices; its culture; and its climate. This literature review aims to…

This document was developed as a training manual for people interested in various types of appropriate technologies related to improved cookstoves. The three types of cookstoves included in the manual are earthen, ceramic, and metal (or a combination of metal and ceramic). The training sessions described deal with: (1) an orientation to the…

This paper analyzes the feasibility and likelihood of the implementations of recommendations in three papers: "Understanding Intelligence: What's in It for Educators?" (Robert J. Sternberg and Richard K. Wagner); "Motivating Students to Learn: A Lifelong Perspective" (Deborah J. Stipek); and "Academic Work" (Walter…

Starting with laboratory research on the suppression of visualization in reading, this study investigates effects of treatments (reading vs. listening and pictures vs. no pictures, in a 2x2 design) and aptitudes on the learning of verbal and spatial types of content. Approximately 100 fifth grade pupils were given a battery of four ability tests,…

Learning style studies that describe students' individual learning differences and studies on types of schooling which best match students' cognitive styles are examined. Three approaches to the subject are discussed: (1) global personality perspectives, which look at several general traits; (2) cognitive mapping with minute analysis of many…

The phenomenon of adult functional illiteracy in the United States is examined, and strategies are considered for addressing the problem. Reasons for the failure of existing programs (schools, adult education, and volunteer tutoring) to close the literacy gap are explored; among these factors are the relative growth of underserved populations,…

Prepared to advise the Social Science Research Council, this report suggests funding priorities for a program of research in the field of educational applications of information technology, with special reference to the primary and secondary sectors. A discussion of the research program initiative context includes the contributions of governmental…

With practical applications for parents and teachers, this book uses diary entries, tape recordings, and videotapes made by the child's mother from a researcher's perspective to chronicle a child's reading and writing development from birth to age three. The introduction provides an overview of how children learn to talk, read, and write;…

Prepared for a 1984 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) conference, this report begins by briefly describing research findings and proposals and recommendations for research on education and the new information technologies in selected member countries, i.e., the United States, France, the United Kingdom, and Australia;…

This annotated bibliography surveys information on the urban newcomer drawn from a variety of disciplines such as geography, planning, sociology, demography, psychology, economics, and literature. It addresses four different topics. A survey of the rural-urban migration literature addresses traditional research on the adjustment of migrants to a…

This essay considers how prosocial behavior can be learned in the classroom and whether it can be transferred from this setting to others. It also focuses on two aspects of such behavior which the authors consider important: (1) the development and enhancement of the self-concept; and (2) the development of productive interpersonal relations,…

Oral language is used before written language, according to this paper, which contends that the acquisition of literacy is merely an extension of natural language learning for all children. This view of literacy development as natural is distinguished from the views of those that think language is innate; the naturalness of children learning to…

The paper presents an overview of Piaget's theory of cognitive development and a review of research in the measurement of formal operations and the impact of the domain of expertise on cognitive functioning. The role of the teacher as described by proponents of Piaget's theory is explored, along with an extensive description of Piaget's stage of…

The research paper discusses seven experiments concerned with interrelations between memory and judgment. Three major hypotheses were explored: (1) the Independence Hypothesis, which states that one's memory is independent of impression; (2) the Verbal Memory Hypothesis, which maintains that transformation of information that one has in memory at…

This paper discusses several interrelated features of microethnography that are relevant and useful for the study of bilingual schooling. It is argued that an interactional approach provides a powerful way to study systematically the organization of bilingual learning environment, identify areas of difficulty, and suggest concrete interventions…