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Oxford, Rebecca L. – Applied Language Learning, 2015
Emotion is "the primary human motive" (MacIntyre, 2002, p. 61). The human brain is an emotional brain, creating relationships among thought, emotion, and motivation in a complex dynamic system (Dörnyei, 2009). Emotion "functions as an amplifier, providing the intensity, urgency, and energy to propel our behavior" in…
Descriptors: Emotional Development, Psychiatry, Second Language Learning, Emotional Response
Yeon, Sang-Hee – Applied Language Learning, 2014
This research focuses on speaking proficiency and successful second language speakers' traits using a survey and an interview. The participants in the study were in a short intensive course between four and six months, depending on the language they studied. The successful learner was defined as someone who received 1+ or above on the Interagency…
Descriptors: Language Proficiency, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Interviews

Gardner, Robert C. – Applied Language Learning, 1991
Reviews research conducted on adult populations dealing with correlates or predictors of proficiency in a second language. Four classes of individual difference variables are considered, including (1) attitudes and motivation; (2) language aptitude and intelligence; (3) language learning strategies; and (4) personality variables. (83 references)…
Descriptors: Adult Learning, Individual Differences, Language Proficiency, Learning Motivation